Njenge "gorha elingangxengwanga" lokudluliselwa kwamandla kwindawo yoshishino,abatshintshi bobushushuukuxhasa ngokuthe cwaka ukusebenza kwamashishini afana neekhemikhali, amandla, kunye nesinyithi. Ukusuka kwi-air conditioning epholileyo ukuya kwi-rocket injini yokupholisa, ubukho bayo bukuyo yonke indawo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokutshintshwa kokushisa okubonakala kulula, ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kudla ngokuba yintloko ekunqumeni ukuphumelela okanye ukungaphumeleli kwezixhobo. Namhlanje siza kutyhila ikhowudi ephambili yabatshintshi bobushushu kwaye sifunde ukuba iikeramics zesilicon carbide zizisa njani izinto ezintsha kule ntsimi.
1. Iindlela eziguquguqukayo zabatshintshi bobushushu
Abatshintshi bobushushu bohlulwe ikakhulu ngokweendidi ezine ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zabo zesakhiwo:
1. I-Shell kunye ne-tube type - umzobo wemibhobho emininzi efana ne-nested doll, apho i-media yangaphakathi nangaphandle idlulisela ubushushu ngokungathanga ngqo ngodonga lombhobho, olufanelekileyo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo kunye nokushisa okuphezulu;
2. Uhlobo lwepleyiti - eyenziwe ngamacwecwe esinyithi afakwe kwimijelo ye-maze, isakhiwo sepleyiti encinci sivumela "ubuso ukuya phezulu" ukuhanjiswa kobushushu obushushu kunye nolwelo olubandayo;
3. Uhlobo lokugqibela - amaphiko ensimbi akhula phezu kombhobho ukwandisa indawo kunye nokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bomoya;
4. I-Spiral – Jika umjelo wokuqukuqela ube kwimilo yasentwasahlobo ukwandisa ixesha loqhagamshelwano lesixhobo esiphakathi kwisithuba esilinganiselweyo.
Isakhiwo ngasinye sisemdlalweni kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zezinto eziphathekayo: umzekelo, izinto zetsimbi zendabuko, nangona ziqhuba ubushushu ngokukhawuleza, zihlala ziveza ukusilela phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ezifana nokugqwala kunye nokushisa okuphezulu.
I-2, i-Material Revolution: Ukuphumelela kweSilicon Carbide Ceramics
Njengoko iinjineli ziqhubeka nokwandisa ubume bezinto zokutshintsha ubushushu, ukuvela kwe-silicon carbide ceramics kuye kwakhawulezisa le nguqu. Le nto yenziweyo ngobuqhetseba eyomeleleyo yeceramic imathiriyeli iphinda ibhale imithetho yomdlalo kwibala lotshintshiselwano lobushushu:
1. I-Corrosion Terminator
Ukonakala kweekhemikhali okunje ngeasidi eyomeleleyo kunye nesitshizi setyuwa kufana “notshaba lwendalo” lwesinyithi, ngelixa iiseramics zesilicon carbide zinokuxhathisa umhlwa okuphezulu kakhulu. Kwimveliso yeekhemikhali, ubomi babo benkonzo bunokufikelela kumaxesha amaninzi ukuba yintsimbi yemveli, kunye nemijikelo yokugcinwa kwezixhobo zandiswa kakhulu.
2. Fudumeza indlela ekhawulezayo
Nangona ibizwa ngokuba yi-ceramic, i-thermal conductivity yayo inokuthelekiswa ne-aluminium alloy. Ubume bekristale obukhethekileyo buvumela ubushushu ukuba bunyuke njengohola wendlela, kunye nokuhanjiswa kobushushu ngokufanelekileyo ngokuphindwe kaninzi kuneeseramics eziqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezichanekileyo zokulawula ubushushu ezifuna impendulo ekhawulezileyo.
3. Umlo wobushushu obuphezulu
Inokugcina uzinzo kwisakhiwo nakwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu obuyi-1350 ℃, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingabinakuthathelwa indawo kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokutshiswa kwenkunkuma kunye ne-aerospace. Izinto zetsimbi sele zithambe kwaye zonakele kule ndawo, kodwa i-silicon carbide ihlala yomelele.
4. Ukukhanya kwaye kulula ukuthwala
Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zentsimbi ezinkulu, iiseramics ze-silicon carbide zinoxinaniso olusezantsi. Le nzuzo "elula" ibaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo eziphathwayo kunye neemeko zomsebenzi eziphakamileyo, ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuhamba kunye nokufakwa.
3, Ikamva lilapha: Izixhobo ezitsha ziqhuba ukuphuculwa kwamashishini
Kumxholo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, izixhobo zemizi-mveliso zineemfuno ezingqongqo zokusebenzisa amandla. I-Silicon carbide i-ceramic exchangers ye-ceramic ayinciphisi nje ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa ukubola kunye nokunyuka, kodwa inobomi obude obunciphisa inkunkuma yemithombo ebangelwa kukutshintshwa kwezixhobo kwindawo yomthombo. Okwangoku, le teknoloji isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezintsha zamandla ezifana ne-photovoltaic polycrystalline silicon yokulungiselela kunye ne-lithium yebhetri ye-sintering, ebonisa ukuguquguquka okuqinileyo komda.
Njengomntu osungula izinto ezintsha obandakanyeka ngokunzulu kuphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-silicon carbide ceramics, siqhubeka siqhekeza imiqobo yetekhnoloji yokwenza izinto kunye nomatshini ochanekileyo. Ngokwenza iimveliso ezine-porosity ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zomphezulu, le' itekhnoloji emnyama 'inokwanelisa iimfuno ezikhethekileyo zamashishini ahlukeneyo. Xa abatshintshi bobushushu bemveli bedibana neebhotile zokusebenza, iiseramics zesilicon carbide zingenisa ixesha elitsha lokudluliselwa kobushushu.
Imbali yendaleko yetekhnoloji yokutshintshiselana ngobushushu ngokuyimfuneko yimbali yezinto ezintsha. Ukusuka kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo ukuya kwi-titanium alloy, ukusuka kwigraphite ukuya kwi-silicon carbide, utshintsho lwezinto eziphathekayo luzisa uphuculo olunyathelweyo ekusebenzeni kwamandla. Ukukhetha i-silicon carbide ceramics akukhona nje malunga nokukhetha izixhobo ezithembekileyo, kodwa kunye nokukhetha izisombululo ezizinzileyo zoshishino kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-27-2025