I-silicon carbide ceramics: ngokuchanekileyo eyenziwe 'inaliti yokulungisa ulwandle'

Kwihlabathi elichanekileyo loshishino lwanamhlanje, ukuguqulwa okuncinci kwezixhobo zihlala kugqiba ukusebenza kokugqibela kwezixhobo.Iiceramics ze-silicon carbide, kunye neempawu zabo ezikhethekileyo ezibonakalayo, ziba "ngumgcini ongqongqo" oyimfuneko kwintsimi yokuvelisa ephezulu. Ukumelana okukhethekileyo kwemathiriyeli ye-ceramic kwi-deformation kukuchaza ngokutsha imigangatho yokusebenza yezixhobo ezichanekileyo.
1. Ikhowudi yesayensi engqongqo
I-elastic modulus yezinto ifana nerula yokulinganisa ubulukhuni, imisela ngokuthe ngqo ukukwazi kwayo ukuxhathisa i-deformation phantsi koxinzelelo. Imodyuli e-elastic ye-silicon carbide ceramics ingaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu kuneyentsimbi eqhelekileyo, eyenza ifane nentsimbi yokuqinisa i-skeleton kwizakhiwo xa iphantsi koxinzelelo - naphantsi komthwalo ophezulu wezixhobo ezinzima, i-deformation yi-1/4 kuphela yezinto zetsimbi.
Oku kuqina okungaqhelekanga kuvela kulwakhiwo oluqinileyo lwe-covalent bond ngaphakathi kwemathiriyeli. I-athomu yekhabhoni nganye idityaniswe ngokuqinileyo kwiiathom ezine ze-silicon ngokusebenzisana okuqinileyo, ukwenza ubume bekristale bothungelwano olunamacala amathathu. Xa amandla angaphandle asebenza, esi sakhiwo se-lattice esizinzile sinokusasaza ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo kunye nokulawula ukuguqulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-micrometer. Kwimimandla efana neeplatifti ze-optical ezichanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa i-semiconductor ezinonyamezelo lwe-zero kwi-deformation, olu phawu luba ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka.
2, Ifilosofi yezinto ezidibanisa ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka
Iiceramics ze-silicon carbide azibonisi nje ukuqina okuphezulu, kodwa zikwanentsebenzo emangalisayo ebanzi:
1. Iqinile kodwa ayinakushwabana: Amandla ayo okugoba ayodlula awentsimbi ekhethekileyo, kwaye naphantsi koxinzelelo olulingana nolo lwendlovu endala emi ngonyawo olunye (malunga ne-400MPa), isenokugcina imfezeko yesakhiwo. Le ndibaniselwano yamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kusombulula ingxaki yoshishino lweekeramics zemveli zibuthathaka.
2. Ukuzinza kwe-Thermal njengentaba: I-coefficient yokwandisa i-thermal yezinto eziphathekayo kuphela yi-1/4 yentsimbi, kwaye ukuguquguquka kobungakanani buncinci kumahluko obushushu angama-200 ℃. Idityaniswe ne-thermal conductivity egqwesileyo, inokukhawuleza ukulinganisa i-gradients yobushushu kwaye igweme ukuqokelelwa kwe-deformation okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lwe-thermal.
3. Non deformation: Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, izinga lokunyuka kwe-silicon carbide yi-odolo ezimbini zobukhulu obungaphantsi kunezinto zentsimbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba iphantsi komthwalo ofanayo iminyaka elishumi, utshintsho lwemilo yalo lusenokulawulwa ngaphantsi komda wokufumanisa isixhobo.

3. Ixabiso letekhnoloji engqongqo
Obu buchule bumangalisayo bokumelana nenguquko budala amathuba amatsha kwimizi-mveliso:
Kwiinkqubo zamehlo zesathelayithi, qinisekisa ukuba isibuko sigcina inqanaba le-nanometer flatness phantsi komahluko obushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo.
Gcina ukuchaneka kokubeka i-sub micron yeqonga elishukumayo lesixhobo sokwenza i-wafer ye-semiconductor ngexesha lokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.
Gcina uzinzo lwejometri yesakhiwo esitywiniweyo segumbi loxinzelelo lwezixhobo zokuhlola enzulu-ulwandle naphantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi lwenqanaba leekhilomitha.
Siluguqula olu ncedo lwemathiriyeli lube lukhuphiswano lwethekhinoloji ngeenkqubo zokuvelisa izinto ezintsha: ukwamkela iindlela zokwenziwa kwemveliso ephucukileyo ukomeleza ukuxinana kwezinto; Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji ekwilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, ukuqina kuyaphuculwa ngelixa kugcinwa ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu. Ibhetshi nganye yemathiriyeli ivavanywa ngamandla ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezizisiweyo ziyahlangabezana okanye zigqithise iimfuno zabathengi.
Namhlanje, njengoko ukuveliswa okuchanekileyo kuhambela kwi-nanoscale, i-silicon carbide ceramics itolika eyona nto iphambili kushishino lwanamhlanje "nefilosofi engqongqo" - usebenzisa uzinzo olupheleleyo lwemathiriyeli ukuxhasa amathuba angenasiphelo okwenziwa. Le nkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji, equka ubulumko besayensi yezixhobo, iya kuqhubeka ifaka umfutho wokuyila "wokusebenzisa ukuqina ukoyisa ukuguquguquka" kwimveliso yezixhobo eziphezulu.