Xa kuziwa "kwi-ceramics", abantu abaninzi baqala bacinga ngezitya zendlu, i-vases yokuhlobisa - i-fragile kunye ne-ethe-ethe, ebonakala ingahambelani "kwishishini" okanye "i-hardcore". Kodwa kukho uhlobo lweceramic olwaphula lo mbono wendalo. Ubunzima bayo bungokwesibini kuphela kwidayimane, kwaye inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokubola, kwaye iphinde ibe yi-insulated kunye ne-conductive, ibe "i-versatile" kwintsimi yezoshishino. Yii-silicon carbide ceramic.
Ukusuka kwizixhobo zokunxiba kwimigodi ukuya kwiimodyuli zamandla kwiimoto zamandla amatsha, ukusuka kumacandelo aphezulu okumelana nobushushu kwi-aerospace ukuya kwizitywina zemihla ngemihla, i-silicon carbide ceramics ixhasa ngokuthula ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwamashishini amaninzi kunye neempawu zabo ezizodwa. Namhlanje, makhe sithethe malunga nokuba yintoni eyenza le ceramic "ingaqhelekanga" igqame.
I-1, Kunzima ngokugqithiseleyo: "umthwali" kwintsimi yokumelana nokunxiba
Inzuzo eyaziwa kakhulu ye-silicon carbide ceramics bubunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Ukuqina kwayo kwe-Mohs kukwesibini kuphela kweyona idayimane inzima kwindalo, iqine kakhulu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo, intsimbi engatyiwa, kunye neekeramikhi zealumina.
Le' hardcore 'trait iyenza ikhanye kwiimeko apho kufuneka ixhathise ukuguga nokukrazuka. Umzekelo, kwimigodi kunye namashishini esinyithi, izixhobo zokuthutha i-slurry kunye ne-slag slurry (ezifana ne-impellers of slurry pumps kunye ne-pipeline liners) zihlala zihlanjululwa ngamasuntswana amaminerali anzima ixesha elide, kwaye iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ziya kukhukuliseka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zivuze amanzi. Izixhobo ezenziwe nge-silicon carbide ceramics ziyakwazi ukumelana nale "abrasion" kwaye zibe nobomi benkonzo amaxesha amaninzi okanye nangaphezulu kweshumi lezinto zentsimbi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphinda kunye neendleko zokutshintshwa kwezixhobo.
Hayi kuphela kwisetingi zemizi-mveliso, sinokubona ubukho bayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla - njenge-silicon carbide friction pair kuma-seals oomatshini. Ngokumelana kwayo okugqwesileyo, iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azivuzi kwaye zinelahleko ephantsi ngexesha lokujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu, ukuvumela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo ezifana neepompo zamanzi kunye ne-compressors.
I-2, i-Superior "Resistance": i-Insulation ye-High Temperature kunye ne-Corrosion
Ukongeza kubulukhuni, i-silicon carbide ceramics nayo inokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokubola, okubavumela ukuba "babambelele kwizithuba zabo" kwiindawo ezininzi "ezinzima".
Ngokumalunga nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, nasemva kokusebenza kwexesha elide kwi-1350 ℃, akuyi kubakho ukuthambisa okanye ukuguqulwa. Olu phawu luyenza ibe "intandane" kwimizi-mveliso ye-aerospace kunye nemikhosi yomkhosi, njengokusetyenziswa njenge-nozzle yeenjini ze-rocket, i-lining ye-furnaces ephezulu yokushisa, njl. Kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ubushushu obuphezulu obunje ngeekhilni zemizi mveliso kunye nentsimbi eqhubekayo yokuphosa, amacandelo e-silicon carbide ceramic anokuthi athathe indawo yesinyithi eyonakaliswa lula ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-corrosion resistance, i-silicon carbide ceramics inozinzo olomeleleyo lweekhemikhali. Enoba yiasidi, ialkali, okanye iigesi ezonakalisayo ezahlukahlukeneyo nolwelo, kunzima “ukuyikhukulisa”. Ngoko ke, kwishishini lemichiza, lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-lining ye-reaction vessels, iipayipi kunye neevalve zokuthutha i-media corrosive; Kwinkalo yokukhuselwa kwendalo, ubukho bayo bunokubonwa nakwizixhobo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka akwi-acid-base ephezulu, eqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo asigrunjwanga kwaye sisebenza ngokuzinzileyo.
3, “Ubuchule” obuguquguqukayo: “Inkosi eSebenzayo” enokuba ngqongqo kwaye ibhetyebhetye.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba i-silicon carbide ceramics kuphela "inzima" kwaye "ihlala ixesha elide", ngoko ungabajongeli phantsi kakhulu. Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa, inokuba nemisebenzi emininzi efana ne-conductivity, insulation, kunye ne-thermal conductivity, iyenza ibe yinto esebenzayo enosetyenziso oluninzi.
-Ukuqhuba kunye neempawu ze-semiconductor: Ngokusebenzisa i-doping kunye nezinye izinto, i-silicon carbide ceramics inokuguqula ukusuka kwi-insulators ukuya kwii-conductors, kwaye ibe yimpahla ye-semiconductor. Oku kuvumela ukuba ibonise izakhono zayo kwintsimi yamandla ombane, njengokwenza iimodyuli zamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye namacandelo angundoqo okuguqula i-traction kwi-high-speed trains. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ze-silicon zemveli, i-silicon carbide semiconductors ine-conductivity ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, okunokwenza izithuthi zamandla amatsha zihlawule ngokukhawuleza kwaye zibe noluhlu olude, kwaye zenze izixhobo zamandla zibe zincinci kwaye zisebenze ngakumbi.
-I-thermal conductivity egqwesileyo: I-thermal conductivity ye-silicon carbide ceramics idlula lee i-ceramics eqhelekileyo, kwaye ide isondele kwiintsimbi ezithile. Eli nqaku lenza ukuba libe yinto efanelekileyo yokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, umzekelo, kwi-substrate yokutshatyalaliswa kokushisa kwezibane ze-LED kunye ne-chips ze-elektroniki, inokukhupha ngokukhawuleza ukushisa, ukukhusela izixhobo ukuba zingonakaliswe ngenxa yokushisa, kunye nokuphucula ubomi benkonzo kunye nokuzinza.
4, Okokugqibela: I-silicon carbide ceramics, 'amandla okuqhuba angabonakaliyo' ophuculo lwemizi-mveliso
Ukusuka "okunzima kunye nokumelana nokuguga" ukuya "kwiqondo eliphezulu lokumelana nokushisa", kwaye emva koko ukuya kwi-"multifunctionality", i-silicon carbide ceramics iye yaphula ukuqonda kwabantu kwi-ceramics yendabuko kunye nothotho lweempawu ezigqwesileyo, ibe yinto ephambili exhasa uphuhliso lwemveliso ephezulu, amandla amatsha, ukugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Ayiqhelekanga njengentsimbi okanye ilula njengeplastiki, kodwa kwiimeko zoshishino ezifuna "ukoyisa ubunzima", ihlala ixhomekeke kwiimpawu zayo "ezinamandla onke" ukuba ibe ngamandla angundoqo ekusombululeni iingxaki.
Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji, ixabiso lemveliso ye-silicon carbide ceramics liyehla ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye iimeko zesicelo nazo zikhula rhoqo. Kwixesha elizayo, zombini izixhobo zamandla ezitsha ezisebenza ngakumbi kunye noomatshini bomzi-mveliso abomelele ngakumbi banokuba namandla ngakumbi ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-silicon carbide ceramics. Olu hlobo "lwezinto ezinamandla onke" ezifihliweyo kwishishini ziguqula ngokuzolileyo imveliso yethu kunye nobomi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-20-2025