Inkcazo
IiHydrocyclonezimilo ye-cono-cylindrical, kunye ne-tangential feed inlet kwicandelo le-cylindrical kunye ne-outlet kwi-axis nganye. I-outlet kwicandelo le-cylindrical ibizwa ngokuba yi-vortex finder kwaye idlulela kwi-cyclone ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-short-circuit ngqo kwi-inlet. Kwisiphelo se-conical yi-outlet yesibini, i-spigot. Ukwahlula ubungakanani, zombini iindawo zokuphuma zivulekele emoyeni. IiHydrocyclones zisebenza ngokuthe nkqo kunye ne-spigot kwisiphelo esisezantsi, kungoko imveliso erhabaxa ibizwa ngokuba yi-underflow kunye nemveliso entle, ishiya i-vortex finder, ukuphuphuma. Umzobo 1 ubonisa ngokucwangcisekileyo ukuhamba okuphambili kunye neempawu zoyilo zesiqheloi-hydrocyclone: i-vortice ezimbini, indawo yokufaka i-tangential feed kunye ne-axial outlets. Ngaphandle kommandla osondeleyo we-tangential inlet, ukunyakaza kwamanzi ngaphakathi kwe-cyclone kune-radial symmetry. Ukuba enye okanye zombini i-outlet ivulekele emoyeni, indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ibangela i-gas core ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo, ngaphakathi kwe-vortex yangaphakathi.
Umzobo 1. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-hydrocyclone.
Umgaqo wokusebenza ulula: i-fluid, ephethe amaqhekeza amisiweyo, ingena kwi-cyclone tangentially, i-spirals ezantsi kwaye ivelise intsimi ye-centrifugal kwi-vortex yamahhala. Amasuntswana amakhulu ahamba kulwelo ukuya ngaphandle kwenkanyamba ngentshukumo ejikelezayo, aze aphume kwi-spigot ngeqhezu lolwelo. Ngenxa yendawo yokunciphisa i-spigot, i-vortex yangaphakathi, ejikelezayo kwicala elifanayo ne-vortex yangaphandle kodwa ihamba phezulu, iyasekwa kwaye ishiya inkanyamba nge-vortex finder, ithwele ubuninzi bolwelo kunye namasuntswana acolekileyo ngayo. Ukuba umthamo we-spigot ugqithisiwe, umbindi womoya uyavalwa kwaye ukukhutshelwa kwesikhotho kuyatshintsha ukusuka kwisitshizi esimile okwesambrela ukuya 'kwintambo' kunye nokulahleka kwezinto ezirhabaxa ukuya ekuphuphumeni.
Ububanzi becandelo le-cylindrical yintlukwano enkulu echaphazela ubungakanani beengqungquthela ezinokuthi zihlulwe, nangona i-diameter yokuphuma ingatshintshwa ngokuzimeleyo ukuguqula ukuhlukana okuphunyeziweyo. Ngelixa abasebenzi bokuqala bavavanya iinkanyamba ezincinci njenge-5 mm ububanzi, i-hydrocyclone diameters ngoku isuka kwi-10 mm ukuya kwi-2.5 m, kunye nobukhulu obahlulayo kumasuntswana obuninzi be-2700 kg m-3 ye-1.5-300 μm, eyancipha ngokunyuka kwamasuntswana obuninzi. Uxinzelelo olusebenzayo lusuka kwi-bar ye-10 kwii-diameters ezincinci ukuya kwi-0.5 bar kwiiyunithi ezinkulu. Ukwandisa umthamo, ezininzi ezincinciii-hydrocyclonesisenokuphindaphindwa ukusuka kumgca wesondlo omnye.
Nangona umgaqo wokusebenza ulula, imiba emininzi yokusebenza kwabo ayikaqondwa kakuhle, kwaye ukhetho lwe-hydrocyclone kunye nokuqikelelwa komsebenzi wefektri ubukhulu becala bunamandla.
Ukuhlelwa
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., kwiWills' Mineral Processing Technology (uHlelo lwesibhozo), 2016
9.4.3 Ii-Hydrocyclones Versus Screens
Ii-Hydrocyclones ziye zalawula ulwahlulo xa zijongene nobukhulu beqhekeza elincinci kwiisekethe zokusila ezivaliweyo (<200 µm). Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwakutsha nje kwitekhnoloji yesikrini (Isahluko 8) sivuselele umdla wokusebenzisa izikrini kwiisekethe zokugaya. Izikrini ziyahlukana ngesiseko sobukhulu kwaye azichaphazeli ngokuthe ngqo ukuxinana okusasazeka kwiiminerali zokutya. Oku kunokuba luncedo. Izikrini nazo azinalo iqhezu lokugqitha, kwaye njengoko uMzekelo 9.2 ubonisile, i-bypass ingabankulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwama-30% kuloo meko). Umzobo 9.8 ubonisa umzekelo womahluko kwigophe lesahlulelo se-cyclonesand nezikrini. Idatha ivela kwi-El Brocal concentrator ePeru kunye novavanyo ngaphambi nangemva kokuba i-hydrocyclones yatshintshwa ngeDerrick Stack Sizer® (jonga iSahluko 8) kwisiphaluka sokugaya (Dündar et al., 2014). Ngokuhambelana nokulindela, xa kuthelekiswa nenkanyamba isikrini sasinokwahlula okubukhali (i-slope of curve iphezulu) kunye ne-bypass encinci. Ukunyuka komthamo wesekethe yokugaya kwabikwa ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuphuka emva kokuphumeza isikrini. Oku kwabalelwa ekuphelisweni kwendlela yokudlula, ukunciphisa ubungakanani bezinto ezilungileyo ezithunyelwa emva kwizingqusho zokusila ezithanda ukuthintela iimpembelelo zamasuntswana.
Umfanekiso 9.8. Izahlulo zeejika zezaqhwithi kunye nezikrini kwisekethe yokusila kwi-El Brocal concentrator.
(Ithathwe kuDündar et al. (2014)
Utshintsho alukho indlela enye, nangona kunjalo: umzekelo wamva nje ukutshintshwa kwesikrini ukuya kwi-cyclone, ukuthatha inzuzo yokunciphisa ubungakanani obongezelelweyo be-denser payminerals (Sasseville, 2015).
Inkqubo yeMetallurgical kunye noyilo
Eoin H. Macdonald, kwi Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, 2007
IiHydrocyclone
IiHydrocyclones ziiyunithi ezikhethwayo zokulinganisa okanye ukuthoba umthamo omkhulu wodaka ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kuba zihlala kwindawo encinci kakhulu yomgangatho okanye igumbi lentloko. Zisebenza ngempumelelo xa zityiswa ngesantya esilinganayo sokuqukuqela kunye noxinaniso lwepulp kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokwahlukeneyo okanye ngamaqela ukufumana amandla afunekayo xa kuqhekeka okufunekayo. Ubukhulu besakhono buxhomekeke kumandla asecentrifugal aveliswa zisantya esiphezulu sokuqukuqela kwetangential ngeyunithi. I-vortex yokuqala eyenziwe ludaka olungenayo lusebenza ngokujikelezayo ukuya ezantsi malunga nodonga lwangaphakathi lwekhowuni. Izinto eziqinileyo zijulelwa ngaphandle ngamandla e-centrifugal ukuze njengokuba ipulp isihla isiya ezantsi ukuxinana kwayo kuyanda. Amalungu athe nkqo esantya asebenza ezantsi kufutshane neendonga zekhowuni ukuya phezulu kufutshane ne-axis. Iqhezu le-slime elahlulwe kancinane ngokuxineneyo linyanzeliswa ukuya phezulu ngesixhobo sokukhangela i-vortex ukuba siphume ngembobo esekupheleni kwekhowuni. Izowuni ephakathi okanye imvulophu phakathi kokuqukuqela okuhambayo kubini inesantya esithe nkqo esinguziro kwaye yahlula izinto eziqinileyo ezirhabaxa zisiya ezantsi ukusuka kwizinto eziziqina ezicolekileyo zisiya phezulu. Ubuninzi bokuqukuqela budlulela phezulu ngaphakathi kwe-vortex encinci yangaphakathi kwaye amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal aphosa amakhulu amasuntswana acolekileyo ngaphandle ngaloo ndlela enikezela ulwahlulo olusebenzayo ngakumbi kwiisizings ezicolekileyo. Ezi ngqungquthela zibuyela kwi-vortex yangaphandle kwaye zinike ingxelo kwakhona kwi-jig feed.
Ijometri kunye neemeko zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwepateni ye-spiral flow yesiqheloi-hydrocyclonezichazwe kumfanekiso 8.13. Izinto eziguquguqukayo zokusebenza kukuxinana kwe-pulp, izinga lokuhamba kwesondlo, iimpawu eziqinileyo, uxinzelelo lwe-feed inlet kunye noxinzelelo lwehla ngenxa yenkanyamba. Izinto eziguquguqukayo ze-Cyclone yindawo ye-feed inlet, idiameter ye-vortex ye-vortex kunye nobude, kunye nedayamitha yokukhupha i-spigot. Ixabiso le-coefficient yokudonsa likwachatshazelwa yimo; Okukhona isuntswana liyahluka ukusuka kwisphericity incinci yimilo yalo kwaye ikhulu ukuxhathisa kwayo ukuzinzisa. Ummandla woxinzelelo olubalulekileyo unokwandiswa ukuya kumasuntswana egolide amakhulu kangange-200 mm ngobukhulu kwaye ukubekwa esweni ngononophelo kwenkqubo yokuhlela kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukurisayikilishwa okugqithisileyo kunye nesiphumo sokwakheka kweeslima. Ngokwembali, xa ingqwalasela encinci yanikwa ukubuyiselwa kwe-150μm iinkozo zegolide, ukugqithiswa kwegolide kumaqhezu eslima kubonakala kube noxanduva ubukhulu becala kwilahleko yegolide erekhodwe ukuba phezulu ukuya kuma-40–60% kwimisebenzi emininzi yokubeka igolide.
8.13. Ijometri eqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ze-hydrocyclone.
Umfanekiso 8.14 (Itshati yoKhetho lweWarman) lukhetho lokuqala lweenkanyamba zokwahlula kwiisayithi ezahlukeneyo zeD50 ukusuka kwi-9-18 microns ukuya kuma-33-76 microns. Le tshati, njengezinye iitshati ezinjalo zokusebenza kwenkanyamba, isekwe phezu kwesondlo esilawulwa ngononophelo sohlobo oluthile. Ithatha umxholo oqinileyo we-2,700 kg / m3 emanzini njengesikhokelo sokuqala sokukhetha. Izaqhwithi ezinkulu zedayamitha zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ulwahlulo olurhabaxa kodwa zifuna umthamo ophezulu wokutya ukuze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwahlula okucokisekileyo kwimithamo yokutya okuphezulu kufuna iqoqo lezaqhwithi ezincinci ezisebenza ngokunxuseneyo. Iiparamitha zokugqibela zoyilo lobungakanani obusondeleyo kufuneka zimiselwe ngokomfuniselo, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhetha inkanyamba ejikeleze umbindi woluhlu ukuze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluncinci olunokuthi lwenziwe ekuqaleni komsebenzi.
8.14. Itshathi yokhetho lokuqala lweWarman.
Inkanyamba ye-CBC (ibhedi ejikelezayo) ibango ihlela imathiriyeli yokutya kwegolide ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 mm yedayamitha kwaye ifumane i-jig feed ephezulu engatshintshiyo. Ukwahlula kwenzeka malungaDI-50/150 ye-microns esekwe kwi-silica yoxinaniso lwe-2.65. I-CBC cyclone underflow ibango iyakwazi ukwahlukana ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obugudileyo begophe lokuhambisa kunye nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwamasuntswana enkunkuma. Nangona kunjalo, nangona le nkqubo ibangwa ukuba ivelisa ugxininiso oluphezulu lwenqanaba lokuqala leeminerali ezinzima kwipasi enye ukusuka kuluhlu olude lwesondlo (umzekelo, isanti yeminerali), akukho manani okusebenza akhoyo kwimathiriyeli yokutya yealluvial equlathe igolide ecikizekileyo necwebileyo. . Itheyibhile 8.5 inika idatha yobugcisa ye-AKWii-hydrocycloneskumanqaku okunqunyulwa phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-100 microns.
Uluhlu 8.5. Idatha yobugcisa ye-AKW hydrocyclones
| Uhlobo (KRS) | Ububanzi (mm) | Ukuhla koxinzelelo | Umthamo | Indawo yokusika (imicrons) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ludaka (m3/hr) | Izinto eziqinileyo (t/h max). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30–50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11–30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18–60 | 15 | 40–60 |
| (RWN)6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40–140 | 40 | 50–100 |
Uphuhliso lweteknoloji yentsimbi kunye nokuhlelwa kwentsimbi
A. Jankovic, kwi-Iron Ore, ngo-2015
8.3.3.1 Izahluli zeHydrocyclone
I-hydrocyclone, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cyclone, sisixhobo sokuhlela esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukukhawulezisa izinga lokumisa i-slurryparticles kunye namaqhekeza ahlukeneyo ngokobukhulu, imilo, kunye nobunzima obuthile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwezimbiwa, kwaye usetyenziso lwayo oluphambili ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa iluluhlu, oluthe lwabonakala lusebenza ngokugqithisileyo kubungakanani bokwahlula okulungileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokusila evaliweyo kodwa ifumene ezinye izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo, ezinje nge-desliming, degritting, and thickening.
I-hydrocyclone eqhelekileyo (Umfanekiso 8.12a) uquka inqanawa emile okweconically, evuleke kwincopho yayo, okanye ingaphantsi, idityaniswe kwicandelo le-cylindrical, eline-tangential feed inlet. Umphezulu wecandelo le-cylindrical livaliwe ngeplate apho idlula i-axially mounted overflow pipe. Umbhobho wandiswa kumzimba wenkanyamba ngecandelo elifutshane, elikhutshwayo elaziwa ngokuba yi-vortex finder, ethintela ukujikeleza okufutshane kokutya ngokuthe ngqo kwi-overflow. Isondlo saziswa phantsi koxinzelelo ngokungena kwe-tangential, enika intshukumo ejikelezayo kwi-pulp. Oku kuvelisa i-vortex kwinkanyamba, enezowuni yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8.12b. Undoqo womoya uphuhla ecaleni kwe-axis, eqhele ukuqhagamshelwa kwi-atmosfera ngokuvuleka kwe-apex, kodwa ngokuyinxenye yenziwe ngumoya onyibilikisiweyo ophuma kwisisombululo kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Amandla e-centrifugal akhawulezisa isantya sokumisa amasuntswana, ngaloo ndlela ahlula amasuntswana ngokobukhulu, imilo, kunye nobunzima obuthile. Iingqungquthela zokumisa ngokukhawuleza zihamba eludongeni lwenkanyamba, apho isantya sisezantsi, kwaye sifudukela kwi-apex opening (underflow). Ngenxa yesenzo samandla okudonsa, iinqununu ezihamba ngokukhawuleza zihamba ukuya kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye ne-axis kwaye ziqhutyelwa phezulu nge-vortex finder ukuya kuphuphuma.
Umfanekiso 8.12. IHydrocyclone (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) kunye nebhetri ye-hydrocyclone. Incwadana ye-Cavex hydrocyclone overvew, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
I-Hydrocyclones iphantse isetyenziswe kwihlabathi lonke kwiisekethe zokugaya ngenxa yomthamo wazo ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Basenokwahlula kuluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lweesayizi zamasuntswana (ngokuqhelekileyo yi-5-500 μm), iiyunithi zedayamitha ezincinci zisetyenziselwa ukuhlelwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwesitshingitshane kwiisekethe zokusila zemagneti kunokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yomahluko woxinaniso phakathi kwemagnethi kunye nenkunkuma yezimbiwa (silica). I-Magnetite inoxinano oluthile malunga ne-5.15, ngelixa i-silica inoxinano oluthile malunga ne-2.7. Kwiii-hydrocyclones, iiminerali ezishinyeneyo zahlukana ngokomlinganiselo ocolekileyo wokusika kuneeminerali ezikhaphukhaphu. Ke ngoko, i-magnetite ekhululweyo igxininiswe kwi-cyclone underflow, kunye nesiphumo sokugqithisa kwe-magnetite. UNapier-Munn et al. (2005) uqaphele ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani obulungisiweyo obulungisiweyo (d50c) kunye noxinaniso lwamasuntswana lulandela imbonakalo yolu hlobo lulandelayo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuhamba kunye nezinye izinto:
aphoρs kukuxinana kwezinto eziqinileyo,ρl yingxinano yolwelo, kwayeniphakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1.0. Oku kuthetha ukuba isiphumo soxinaniso lweeminerali ekusebenzeni kwenkanyamba inokubaluleka kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba idI-50c yemagnetite yi-25 μm, emva koko idI-50c ye-silica particles iya kuba yi-40-65 μm. Umzobo 8.13 ubonisa i-cyclone classification curves ye-magnetite (Fe3O4) kunye ne-silica (SiO2) efunyenwe kuphando lwe-industrial ball mill magnetite grinding circuit. Ukwahlulwa kobungakanani besilica kurhabaxa kakhulu, ngedI-50c ye-Fe3O4 ye-29 μm, ngelixa i-SiO2 i-68 μm. Ngenxa yale nto, i-magnetite yokugaya i-magnetite mill kwiisekethe ezivaliweyo kunye ne-hydrocyclones ayisebenzi kakuhle kwaye inomthamo ophantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iziseko zokugaya i-metallore.
Umfanekiso 8.13. Ukusebenza kwe-Cyclone kwi-magnetite Fe3O4 kunye ne-silica SiO2-uphando lwamashishini.
IThekhnoloji yeNkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu: Iziseko kunye nezicelo
I-MJ Cocero PhD, kwiThala leeNcwadi leKhemistri yezoShishino, ngo-2001
Izixhobo zokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo
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IHydrocyclone
Le yenye yezona ntlobo zilula zezahluli eziqinileyo. Sisixhobo sokwahlula esisebenza kakuhle kwaye singasetyenziselwa ukususa ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziqinileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Iyonga kuba ayinazo iindawo ezihambayo kwaye ifuna ukulungiswa okuncinci.
Ukusebenza kokwahlula kwizinto eziqinileyo ngumsebenzi oqinileyo we-particle-size kunye nobushushu. Ukuphumelela kokwahlula ngokubanzi kufuphi ne-80% kuyafikeleleka kwi-silica kunye namaqondo okushisa angaphezu kwe-300 ° C, ngelixa kuluhlu lweqondo lokushisa elifanayo, ukuhlukana okugqithisileyo kweengqungquthela ze-zircon zikhulu kune-99% [29].
Ukukhubazeka okuphambili kwe-hydrocyclone operation kukuthambekela kwezinye iityuwa ukunamathela kwiindonga ze-cyclone.
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Ukuhluza kancinci kancinci
Izihluzi ezihamba phambili ziziphatha ngendlela efana neyokubonwa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-filtration ye-crossflow phantsi kweemeko ze-ambient: ukunyuka kwee-shear-rates kunye nokunciphisa i-fluid-viscosity kubangela ukwanda kwenani lokuhluza. I-Cross-microfiltration isetyenziswe ekuhlukaneni kweetyuwa ezinqabileyo njengezinto eziqinileyo, ukunika amandla okuhlukana kwamaqhekeza ngokuqhelekileyo kudlula i-99.9%. IiGoemansokqhubekayo.[30] yafunda ukuhlukana kwe-nitrate ye-sodium kumanzi angaphezulu. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zophononongo, i-nitrate ye-sodium yayikhona njengetyuwa etyhidiweyo kwaye yayikwazi ukuwela isihluzo. Ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwafunyanwa okungafaniyo nokushisa, ekubeni i-solubility iyancipha njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, liphakathi kwe-40% kunye ne-85%, kwi-400 ° C kunye ne-470 ° C, ngokulandelanayo. Aba basebenzi bachaza indlela yokwahlula njengesiphumo sokunyanzeliswa okucacileyo kwendlela yokucoca ngokubhekiselele kwisisombululo esiphezulu, ngokuchasene netyuwa etyhidiweyo, ngokusekelwe kwii-viscosities zabo ezicacileyo ngokucacileyo. Ke ngoko, kuyakwenzeka ukuba kungekuphela nje ukuhluza iityuwa ezimanzi njengezinto eziqinileyo kodwa kunye nokuhluza ezo tyuwa zisezantsi-zinyibilika zikwimo enyibilikayo.
Iingxaki zokusebenza bezibangelwa ikakhulu kukutya okuhluzwayo ziityuwa.
Iphepha: Ukurisayikilishwa kunye neMathiriyeli eRecycled
UMR Doshi, uJM Dyer, kwiModyuli yeNgcaciso kwiSayensi yeMathiriyeli kunye nobuNjineli boMathiriyeli, ngo-2016
3.3 Ukucoca
Abacoci okanyeii-hydrocyclonessusa ungcoliseko kwipulp ngokusekwe kumahluko woxinaniso phakathi kongcoliseko namanzi. Ezi zixhobo ziquka isitya soxinzelelo lwe-conical okanye i-cylindrical-conical apho i-pulp yondliwa ngokukhawuleza ekupheleni kwedamitha enkulu (Umfanekiso 6). Ngexesha lokudlula kwisicoci i-pulp ivelisa ipateni yokuqukuqela kwe-vortex, efana naleyo yenkanyamba. Ukuhamba kujikeleza i-axis esembindini njengoko idlula kwi-inlet ukuya kwi-apex, okanye i-underflow opening, ngaphakathi kodonga lokucoca. Isantya sokujikeleza sihamba ngokukhawuleza njengoko ububanzi bekhowuni buyancipha. Kufuphi nesiphelo se-apex i-dayamitha encinci yokuvula inqanda ukukhutshwa kokuhamba okuninzi endaweni yoko okujikeleza kwi-vortex engaphakathi kumbindi wesicoci. Ukuqukuqela kumbindi ongaphakathi umpompoza ukusuka kwindawo yokuvula ide iphume ngesixhobo sokukhangela i-vortex, esikwisiphelo sedayamitha esikhulu kumbindi wesicoci. Izinto ezixineneyo eziphezulu, ezigxininiswe kudonga lwesicoci ngenxa yamandla aphakathi, zikhutshelwa phezulu kwicone (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Umzobo 6. Amacandelo e-hydrocyclone, iipatheni eziphambili zokuhamba kunye neendlela zokwahlukana.
Abacoci bahlelwa njengoxinaniso oluphezulu, oluphakathi, okanye olusezantsi ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bezingcolisi ezikhutshwayo. Isicoci soxinaniso oluphezulu, esinobubanzi obususela kwi-15 ukuya kwi-50 cm (6–20 in) sisetyenziselwa ukususa isinyithi setramp, iikliphu zamaphepha, kunye ne-staples kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe ngokukhawuleza ilandela i-pulper. Njengoko i-diameter yokucoca iyancipha, ukusebenza kwayo ekususeni ukungcola okuncinci kuyanda. Ngezizathu ezibambekayo kunye nezoqoqosho, isaqhwithi se-75-mm (3 in) ubukhulu sesona sicoci sincinci sisetyenziswa kushishino lwephepha.
Izicoci ezibuyela umva kunye nezicoci ezidlulayo ziyilelwe ukususa izinto ezingcolisekileyo ezinje ngewax, i-polystyrene, kunye nezincamathelisi. Abacoci ababuyela umva bathiywe ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba umjelo owamkelweyo uqokelelwa kwindawo ecocekileyo yokucoca ngelixa ukwaliwa kokuphuma ekuphuphumeni. Kwisicoci sokuphuma kwamanzi, samkela kwaye siyakwala ukuphuma kwisiphelo esinye sesicoci, kunye nolwamkelo olukufutshane nodonga lwesicoci olwahlulwe kwizinto ezikhatywayo ngetyhubhu esembindini kufutshane nombindi wesicoci, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7.
Umfanekiso 7. Izicwangciso zesicoci sokuphuma kwamanzi.
I-centrifuges eqhubekayo esetyenziswe kwi-1920 kunye ne-1930 ukususa isanti kwi-pulp yayekwa emva kokuphuhliswa kwe-hydrocyclones. I-Gyroclean, ephuhliswe e-Centre Technique du Papier, eGrenoble, eFransi, inesilinda esijikeleza ku-1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Indibaniselwano yexesha elide lokuhlala kunye namandla aphezulu e-centrifugal ivumela ungcoliseko olusezantsi ixesha elaneleyo lokufudukela kumbindi wesicoci apho zikhatywayo ngokukhutshwa kwe-vortex eseziko.
MT Thew, kwi Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000
Isishwankathelo
Nangona luqinile-lulweloi-hydrocycloneiye yasekwa kuninzi lwenkulungwane yama-20, ulwelo olwanelisayo-ulwelo lokuhlukana kokusebenza aluzange lufike kude kube ngowe-1980. Ushishino lwe-oyile ekude nonxweme lwalunesidingo sezixhobo ezixineneyo, ezomeleleyo nezithembekileyo zokususa i-oyile engcolisekileyo eyahlulwe kakuhle emanzini. Le mfuno yaneliswa luhlobo olwahluke kakhulu lwe-hydrocyclone, ngokuqinisekileyo lwalungenazo iindawo ezihambayo.
Emva kokuchaza le mfuno ngokuzeleyo ngakumbi kwaye uyithelekise nokwahlulwa okuqinileyo-ulwelo lwe-cyclonic ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa, izibonelelo ezinikezelwe yi-hydrocyclone kwiintlobo zezixhobo ezifakelwe ngaphambili ukuhlangabezana nomsebenzi ziyanikezelwa.
Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo lolwahlulo lwentsebenzo zidweliswe phambi kokuxoxa ngomsebenzi ngokomgaqo-siseko wesondlo, ulawulo lwabaqhubi kunye namandla afunekayo, oko kukuthi imveliso yokuhla koxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba.
Imekobume yokuveliswa kwepetroleum ibeka imiqobo ethile kwimathiriyeli kwaye oku kubandakanya ingxaki yokhukuliseko lwamasuntswana. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zikhankanyiwe. Idatha yeendleko ezinxulumene neentlobo zeplanti yokwahlula i-oyile, zombini inkunzi kunye neqhelekileyo, ichaziwe, nangona imithombo imbalwa. Okokugqibela, ezinye izikhombisi zophuhliso oluthe kratya zichazwa, njengoko ishishini leoli lijonge kwizixhobo ezifakwe kumandlalo wolwandle okanye nasezantsi kwequla.
Ukwenza iisampulu, uLawulo, kunye nokuLinganisa koManinzi
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., kwiWills' Mineral Processing Technology (uHlelo lwesibhozo), 2016
3.7.1 Ukusetyenziswa kobungakanani beNcam
Iiyunithi ezininzi, ezifanaii-hydrocycloneskunye ne-gravity separators, ukuvelisa iqondo lokuhlukana kobukhulu kunye nedatha yesayizi ye-particle ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunzima (Umzekelo 3.15).
Umzekelo 3.15 ngumzekelo wokunciphisa ukungalingani kwendawo; ibonelela, ngokomzekelo, ixabiso lokuqala lonciphiso oluncinci lwesikwere. Le ndlela yomzobo ingasetyenziswa nanini na xa kukho idatha yecandelo "eligqithisiweyo"; kuMzekelo 3.9 ibinokusetyenziswa.
Umzekelo 3.15 usebenzisa inkanyamba njengendawo yokusebenzela. I-node yesibini yi-sump: lo ngumzekelo wamagalelo ama-2 (ukutya okutsha kunye ne-balldischarge) kunye nemveliso enye (ukutya kwenkanyamba). Oku kunika enye ibhalansi yobunzima (Umzekelo 3.16).
KwiSahluko 9 sibuyela kulo mzekelo wesekethe yokugaya usebenzisa idatha ehlengahlengisiweyo ukumisela i-curve partition curve.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2019