Ukutshiswa kwamalahle kumaziko okuvelisa amandla kuvelisa inkunkuma eqinileyo, efana nomzantsi kunye nothuthu lwempukane, kunye negesi yombane ekhutshelwa emoyeni. Izityalo ezininzi ziyafuneka ukuba zisuse ukukhutshwa kwe-SOx kwi-flue gas usebenzisa iinkqubo ze-flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Iiteknoloji ezintathu eziphambili ze-FGD ezisetyenziswa e-US kukukhuhla okumanzi (85% yofakelo), ukukhuhla okomileyo (12%), kunye nenaliti eyomileyo ye-sorbent (3%). I-scrubber emanzi ngokuqhelekileyo isusa ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-SOx, xa kuthelekiswa ne-scrubbers eyomileyo, esusa i-80%. Eli nqaku libonisa iiteknoloji zanamhlanje zokunyanga amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngamanzi.Iinkqubo zeFGD.
Iziseko zeFGD ezimanzi
Ubuchwepheshe be-FGD obumanzi bufana necandelo lereactor ye-slurry kunye necandelo lokukhupha amanzi. Iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo ze-absorbers zisetyenzisiwe, kubandakanywa ukupakishwa kunye neenqaba zeetreyi, i-venturi scrubbers, kunye ne-spray scrubbers kwicandelo le-reactor. I-absorbers inciphisa i-acidic gasses nge-alkaline slurry yekalika, i-sodium hydroxide, okanye i-limestone. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zezoqoqosho, abahlaziyi abatsha bavame ukusebenzisa i-limestone slurry.
Xa i-limestone isabela kunye ne-SOx kwiimeko zokunciphisa i-absorber, i-SO 2 (inxalenye enkulu ye-SOx) iguqulwa ibe yi-sulfite, kwaye i-slurry ecebileyo kwi-calcium sulfite iveliswa. Iinkqubo ze-FGD zangaphambili (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation yendalo okanye iinkqubo ze-oxidation ezithintelweyo) zivelise imveliso ye-calcium sulfite. Intsha ngakumbiIinkqubo zeFGDsebenzisa i-oxidation reactor apho i-calcium sulfite slurry iguqulwa ibe yi-calcium sulfate (gypsum); ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-limestone force oxidation (LSFO) FGD systems.
Iisistim ze-LSFO FGD eziqhelekileyo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-absorbi ye-spray tower ene- integral oxidation reactor kwisiseko (Figure 1) okanye inkqubo ye-jet bubbler. Kwi-gas nganye ifakwe kwi-limestone slurry phantsi kweemeko ze-anoxic; i-slurry ke idlulele kwi-reactor ye-aerobic okanye indawo yokusabela, apho i-sulfite iguqulwa ibe yi-sulfate, kunye ne-gypsum precipitates. Ixesha lokuvalelwa kwe-hydraulic kwi-reactor ye-oxidation malunga nemizuzu engama-20.
1. Sitshiza ikholamu yelimestone ngenkani nge-oxidation (LSFO) FGD system. Kwi-LSFO scrubber slurry idlula kwi-reactor, apho umoya wongezwa ukuze unyanzelise i-oxidation ye-sulfite kwi-sulfate. Le oxidation ibonakala iguqula i-selenate kwi-selenate, okukhokelela kubunzima bonyango kamva. Umthombo: CH2M HILL
Ezi nkqubo zikholisa ukusebenza ngezinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo ze-14% ukuya kwi-18%. Izinto eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyisiweyo zibandakanya izinto eziqinileyo nezirhabaxa zegypsum, uthuthu lwempukane, kunye nemathiriyeli engasebenziyo efakwe kwilimestone. Xa izinto eziqinileyo zifikelela kumda ophezulu, uludaka luyacocwa. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-LSFO FGD zisebenzisa iindlela zokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo zoomatshini kunye neenkqubo zokukhupha amanzi ukwahlula igypsum kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo kumanzi okucoca (Umfanekiso 2).
2. I-FGD ihlambulule inkqubo yokucoca i-gypsum. Kwinkqubo ye-gypsum yokukhupha amanzi, amasuntswana kwindawo yokucoca ahlelwa, okanye ahlulwe, abe ngamaqhezu arhabaxa kwaye acolekileyo. Iincinci ezintle zihlukaniswe kwi-overflow evela kwi-hydroclone ukuvelisa i-underflow equkethe i-crystals enkulu ye-gypsum (ukuthengiswa okunokuthi kuthengiswe) enokuthi ihlanjululwe kumxholo womswakama ophantsi kunye ne-vacuum belt dewatering system. Umthombo: CH2M HILL
Ezinye iisistim ze-FGD zisebenzisa i-gravity thickeners okanye ukuhlalisa amachibi okuhlelwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi, kwaye ezinye zisebenzisa i-centrifuges okanye i-rotary vacuum dewatering systems, kodwa iinkqubo ezininzi ezintsha zisebenzisa i-hydroclones kunye namabhanti okufunxa. Abanye banokusebenzisa ii-hydroclones ezimbini kuthotho ukwandisa ukususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi. Inxalenye yokuphuphuma kwe-hydroclone inokubuyiselwa kwinkqubo ye-FGD ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amdaka.
Ukuhlanjululwa kwakhona kunokuqaliswa xa kukho i-buildup of chlorides kwi-slurry ye-FGD, eyimfuneko yimida ebekwe yi-corrosion resistance ye-FGD yezinto zokwakha zenkqubo.
Iimpawu zeFGD zaManzi amdaka
Izinto ezininzi eziguquguqukayo zichaphazela ukubunjwa kwamanzi amdaka e-FGD, njengokubunjwa kwamalahle kunye ne-limestone, uhlobo lwe-scrubber, kunye ne-gypsum-dewatering system esetyenzisiweyo. Amalahle anegalelo kwiigesi ezineasidi-ezifana nekloridi, i-fluorides, kunye ne-sulfate-kunye neentsimbi eziguquguqukayo, kuquka i-arsenic, i-mercury, i-selenium, i-boron, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc. I-limestone igalela intsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam (ukusuka kwiminerali yodongwe) ukuya kumanzi amdaka e-FGD. I-Limestone idla ngokucolwa kwilitye lokusila elimanzi, kwaye ukhukuliseko kunye nokubola kweebhola kunikela intsimbi kudaka lwekalika. Udongwe ludla ngokuba negalelo kwizohlwayo ze-inert, esesinye sezizathu zokuba amanzi amdaka acocwe kwi-scrubber.
Ukusuka: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, PE; A. Thomas Sandy, PE; kunye noSilas W. Givens, PE.
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Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2018