Mu myaka yashize, silicon carbide compound semiconductor yitabiriwe cyane muruganda. Nyamara, nkibikoresho bikora cyane, karibide ya silicon nigice gito cyibikoresho bya elegitoronike (diode, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi). Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nka abrasives, ibikoresho byo gukata, ibikoresho byubatswe, ibikoresho bya optique, abatwara catalizator, nibindi byinshi. Uyu munsi, tumenyekanisha cyane cyane ceramique ya silicon karbide, ifite ibyiza byo gutuza imiti, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, ubukana bwumuriro mwinshi, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, ubukana buke, nimbaraga zikomeye za mashini. Zikoreshwa cyane mubice nk'imashini zikoresha imiti, ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, semiconductor, metallurgie, ingabo z’igihugu ndetse n’inganda za gisirikare.
Carbide ya Silicon (SiC)irimo silikoni na karubone, kandi ni ubwoko bwinshi bwububiko bwubatswe, cyane cyane harimo uburyo bubiri bwa kirisiti: α - SiC (ubwoko bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru) hamwe na β - SiC (ubwoko bwubushyuhe buke). Hariho ubwoko burenga 200 butandukanye, muribwo 3C SiC ya β - SiC na 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, na 15R SiC ya α - SiC bahagarariye.
Igishushanyo SiC Imiterere myinshi
Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1600 ℃, SiC ibaho muburyo bwa β - SiC kandi irashobora gutegurwa uhereye kumvange yoroshye ya silicon na karubone hafi 1450 ℃. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 1600 ℃, β - SiC ihinduka buhoro buhoro muri polymorphs zitandukanye za α - SiC. 4H SiC ikorwa byoroshye hafi 2000 ℃; Byombi 6H na 15R polymorphs bisaba ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hejuru ya 2100 ℃ kugirango bibe byoroshye; 6H SiC irashobora kuguma ihamye cyane no mubushyuhe burenga 2200 ℃, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda.
Carbide nziza ya silicon ni karisiti itagira ibara kandi ibonerana, mugihe karbide ya silicon yinganda irashobora kuba ibara, umuhondo wijimye, icyatsi kibisi, icyatsi kibisi, icyatsi kibisi, ubururu bwijimye, cyangwa umukara, hamwe no kugabanuka kurwego. Inganda zangiza zishyira karbide ya silicon mubwoko bubiri bushingiye ku ibara: karbide ya silicon yumukara na karubide yicyatsi kibisi. Carbide itagira ibara ryijimye kandi yijimye ishyirwa mubikorwa nka karbide yicyatsi kibisi, mugihe ubururu bwerurutse kugeza umukara wa silicon karbide byashyizwe mubikorwa bya karubide yumukara. Carbide yumukara wa silicon hamwe nicyatsi kibisi cyitwa silicon karbide byombi ni kristu ya alfa SiC ya hexagonal, kandi ifu ya micro ya silicon carbide ifu ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo bya ceramika ya silicon.
Imikorere ya Silicon Carbide Ceramics Yateguwe nuburyo butandukanye
Nyamara, silicon karbide ceramics ifite ibibi byo kuvunika gukomeye no gukomera cyane. Kubwibyo, mumyaka yashize, ibumba ryibumba rishingiye kubutaka bwa silicon carbide ceramics, nka fibre (cyangwa whisker) gushimangira, gukwirakwiza ibice bya heterogeneous, hamwe nibikoresho bikora, byagaragaye bikurikiranye, bitezimbere ubukana nimbaraga zibikoresho byihariye.
Nkibikoresho byubaka cyane byububiko bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ubukorikori bwa silicon karbide ceramics bwakoreshejwe cyane mumatara yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibyuma byuma byuma, peteroli, imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ikirere, ingufu no kurengera ibidukikije, ingufu za kirimbuzi, imodoka nizindi nzego.
Mu 2022, biteganijwe ko ubunini bw’isoko rya silicon karbide yubatswe mu Bushinwa buteganijwe kugera kuri miliyari 18.2. Hamwe no kurushaho kwagura imirima ikoreshwa hamwe no gukenera gukura bikabije, byagereranijwe ko ingano yisoko ya silicon karbide yububumbyi bwububiko buzagera kuri miliyari 29,6 muri 2025.
Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka nshya z’ingufu, ingufu, inganda, itumanaho n’izindi nzego, kimwe n’ibisabwa bikenerwa cyane kugira ngo bisobanurwe neza, birwanya kwambara cyane, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byizewe cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoronike mu bice bitandukanye, biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa by’ubutaka bwa silicon karbide biteganijwe ko izakomeza kwaguka, muri byo hakaba harimo ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu n’amafoto y’amashanyarazi.
Ububiko bwa silicon karbide bukoreshwa mumatanura yubutaka bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo hejuru, kurwanya umuriro, hamwe no guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro. Muri byo, itanura rya roller rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukama, gucumura, no gutunganya ubushyuhe bwa batiri ya lithium-ion ibikoresho byiza bya electrode, ibikoresho bibi bya electrode, na electrolytike. Litiyumu ya batiri nziza kandi itari nziza ya electrode ningirakamaro kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu. Ibikoresho bya Silicon carbide ceramic itanura nibikoresho byingenzi bigize itanura, rishobora kuzamura ubushobozi bw itanura kandi bikagabanya cyane gukoresha ingufu.
Silicon carbide ceramic ibicuruzwa nabyo bikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye byimodoka. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya SiC bikoreshwa cyane cyane muri PCU (ibice bigenzura ingufu, nko mu ndege DC / DC) na OBCs (ibice byishyuza) byimodoka nshya. Ibikoresho bya SiC birashobora kugabanya uburemere nubunini bwibikoresho bya PCU, kugabanya igihombo cyahinduwe, no kuzamura ubushyuhe bwakazi hamwe na sisitemu yimikorere yibikoresho; Birashoboka kandi kongera urwego rwingufu zumuriro, koroshya imiterere yumuzunguruko, kunoza ubwinshi bwamashanyarazi, no kongera umuvuduko wumuriro mugihe cyo kwishyuza OBC. Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka ku isi yakoresheje karibide ya silikoni mu buryo bwinshi, kandi uburyo bunini bwo gufata karbide ya silicon bwabaye inzira.
Iyo silicon karbide ceramics ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byingenzi bitwara mugihe cyo gukora ingirabuzimafatizo zifotora, ibicuruzwa bivamo nkibikoresho byubwato, udusanduku twubwato, hamwe nibikoresho bya pipine bifite ubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro, ntibishobora guhinduka iyo bikoreshejwe mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntibitanga umwanda wangiza. Barashobora gusimbuza ubwato bwa quartz busanzwe bukoreshwa, agasanduku k'ubwato, hamwe nibikoresho bya pipe, kandi bifite inyungu zingenzi.
Mubyongeyeho, ibyiringiro byisoko ryibikoresho byamashanyarazi ya silicon karbide ni nini. Ibikoresho bya SiC bifite hasi kubirwanya, kwishyuza amarembo, hamwe nibiranga amafaranga yo kugarura ibintu. Gukoresha SiC Mosfet cyangwa SiC Mosfet ifatanije na SiC SBD involteri ya fotokoltaque irashobora kongera imikorere yo guhinduka kuva kuri 96% ikagera kuri 99%, kugabanya gutakaza ingufu zirenga 50%, no kongera ubuzima bwikubye inshuro 50.
Synthesis ya silicon carbide ceramics irashobora guhera mumwaka wa 1890, mugihe karbide ya silicon yakoreshwaga cyane mubikoresho byo gusya hamwe nibikoresho byangiritse. Hamwe niterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro, ibicuruzwa bya tekinoroji ya SiC byateye imbere cyane, kandi ibihugu byo ku isi byita cyane ku nganda z’ubukorikori bugezweho. Ntibanyuzwe no gutegura silicon karbide ceramics gakondo. Ibigo bitanga ubukorikori buhanitse buhanga biratera imbere byihuse, cyane cyane mubihugu byateye imbere aho iki kintu gikomeye. Inganda z’amahanga zirimo cyane cyane Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Ubuyapani Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Ubuyapani Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, nibindi.
Iterambere rya karubide ya silicon mu Bushinwa ryatinze ugereranije n’ibihugu byateye imbere nk’Uburayi na Amerika. Kuva itanura ryambere ryinganda zikora SiC ryubatswe muruganda rwa mbere rwo gusya ruziga muri kamena 1951, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukora karbide ya silicon. Abakora mu gihugu bakora ubukorikori bwa silicon karbide bibanda cyane mu mujyi wa Weifang, Intara ya Shandong. Nk’uko abahanga babitangaza, ngo ni ukubera ko inganda zicukura amakara zaho zihomba kandi zigashaka impinduka. Ibigo bimwe byashyizeho ibikoresho bijyanye n’ubudage kugirango bitangire gukora ubushakashatsi no gukora karubide ya silicon.ZPC numwe mubakora uruganda runini rwa reaction ya silicon karbide.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2024