Mu rwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda, ibikoresho byubutaka byandika umugani mushya. Bitandukanye nubwato bwubutaka mubuzima bwa buri munsi, ubukerarugendo bwinganda bwerekanye ibikorwa byindashyikirwa mubikorwa byingenzi nka metallurgie, inganda zubumashini, ningufu nshya. Aluminium oxyde, nitride ya silicon, okiside ya zirconium nibindi bikoresho bifite umwihariko wabyo, ariko iyo bigeze ku mbaraga zikomeye zuzuye za "umukinnyi ukikije",silicon carbide ceramicsnta gushidikanya ko ari byiza.
Ubukorikori bwa Alumina bumeze nkabanyabukorikori gakondo, buzwiho ubukana bwinshi kandi buhendutse, ariko bakunze kurengerwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ceramics ya silicon nitride, nkibikoresho bisobanutse neza, ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nubushyuhe bwumuriro, ariko irashobora kwerekana "imbavu yoroshye" mubidukikije bimwe na bimwe byangirika. Ubukorikori bwa Zirconiya ni nk'abasirikare b'ingabo zidasanzwe, bazwiho ubukana buhebuje, ariko barashobora "gusezera" hakiri kare mu bushyuhe bwinshi no mu ntambara ndende.
Ibinyuranye, silicon karbide ceramics yerekanye imbaraga zidasanzwe. Ibi bikoresho bya kirisiti, byubatswe cyane na atome ya karubone ya karubone, isanzwe ifite ibyiza bitatu byingenzi: ubushyuhe bwayo bukomeye bwumuriro butuma “ituza” ahantu h’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, uburyo bwiza bwo kwambara butuma “bugira ubutwari” mu bihe bigoye byakazi, kandi imiterere yihariye y’imiti ni nkingabo isanzwe ikingira, irwanya igitero cy’ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye byangiza.
Mu rwego rwo gucunga amashyuza, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa silicon karbide ceramics yikubye gatatu ibyuma bisanzwe. Iyi "kuvuka ubushyuhe" ivuka ituma ihitamo neza kumatara yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na semiconductor substrates. Mu guhangana n’ikibazo cyo kwambara no kurira, ubukana bwacyo ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, byerekana ubuzima bwa ultra ndende mu bihe nk'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro ndetse n'imiyoboro itwara abantu. Ikidasanzwe cyane ni uko ibi bikoresho bishobora kugumana ibara ryarwo ndetse no mubidukikije byangirika nka acide zikomeye, bigahuza neza nibikenewe bidasanzwe byimiti.
Hamwe niterambere rikomeye ryinganda nshya, ingufu za silicon karbide ceramics zifungura uturere dushya. Mu rwego rwo kubyara amashanyarazi, bihinduka ibikoresho byiza birwanya ikirere; Kumurongo wa batiri ya lithium, yahinduwe mubisahani bihanitse cyane. Ubu bushobozi "bwambukiranya imipaka" buturuka ku mikorere idasanzwe yo guhuza - irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 1350 ℃ kandi bugakora neza ahantu hakonje cyane -60 ℃.
Nka mpuguke mu bya tekinike zagize uruhare runini mubijyanye nubutaka bwa silicon carbide ceramics, duhora tunonosora uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu hamwe nuburyo bwo gucumura, mugihe dukomeza ibyiza gakondo, duhora tunoza imbaraga za mashini hamwe nuburinganire bwibikoresho. Binyuze mu bipimo fatizo bifatika hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gucumura, ibicuruzwa byacu byateje imbere cyane kwizerwa mubikorwa bigoye, bitanga ingwate ihamye yibikoresho bigezweho.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byububiko bwinganda nugushaka kuringaniza imikorere nigiciro. Silicon carbide ceramics, hamwe nibyiza byabo byiza-bitanga umusaruro, barimo gusobanura ibipimo byumusaruro winganda - kugabanya inshuro zisimburwa nigihe kirekire, kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga hamwe nibikorwa bihamye, no koroshya guhitamo ibikoresho hamwe nibikorwa byinshi. Iyi ishobora kuba arimpamvu nyamukuru ituma abajenjeri benshi kandi benshi babitondekanya nkibikoresho byatoranijwe.
Iyo tuvuze iterambere ryinganda, guhanga ibintu akenshi nibyingenzi byingenzi kandi byingenzi. Ubwihindurize bukomeje bwa silicon carbide ceramics ntabwo bugaragaza gusa intambwe yatewe mubuhanga bwubutaka, ahubwo binatangaza ikindi gisimbuka mubikorwa byinganda. Muri iki gihe cyo gukurikirana imikorere ihebuje, ibi bikoresho "byubaka" byera byafunguye umwanya mushya wibitekerezo byinganda zigezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-06-2025