Sisitemu ya gaz ya gaz ya gaz na Nozzles

Gutwika amakara mu bigo bitanga amashanyarazi bitanga imyanda ikomeye, nko hasi no kuguruka ivu, na gaze ya flue isohoka mu kirere. Ibihingwa byinshi birasabwa kuvana imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri gaze ya flux ikoresheje sisitemu ya flue gaz desulfurisation (FGD). Tekinoroji eshatu zambere zikoreshwa muri FGD zikoreshwa muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika ni ugusukwa neza (85% yububiko), gukama byumye (12%), no gutera inshinge zumye (3%). Ubushuhe butose busanzwe bukuraho ibice birenga 90% bya SOx, ugereranije na scrubbers yumye, ikuraho 80%. Iyi ngingo irerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya amazi mabi atangwa n’amaziSisitemu ya FGD.

Ibyingenzi bya FGD

Ikoranabuhanga rya FGD ritose rifite aho rihurira na reaction ya slurry igice hamwe nigice cyo kuvomera amazi. Ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini bwakoreshejwe, harimo iminara ipakiye hamwe na tray, scrubbers ya venturi, hamwe na spray scrubbers mugice cya reaction. Imashini zangiza imyuka ya acide hamwe na alkaline ya lime, hydroxide ya sodium, cyangwa hekeste. Kubwimpamvu zitari nke zubukungu, scrubbers nshya ikunda gukoresha hekeste.

Iyo hekeste ifata hamwe na SOx muburyo bwo kugabanya ibintu byinjira, SO 2 (igice kinini cya SOx) ihinduka sulfite, hanyuma ikabyara gikungahaye kuri calcium sulfite. Sisitemu ya mbere ya FGD (yitwa okiside naturel cyangwa sisitemu ya okiside yabujijwe) yabyaye calcium sulfite yibicuruzwa. GishyaSisitemu ya FGDkoresha reaction ya okiside aho calcium sulfite slurry ihindurwamo calcium sulfate (gypsum); ibi byitwa sisitemu ya limestone ku gahato (LSFO) sisitemu ya FGD.

Sisitemu isanzwe igezweho ya LSFO FGD ikoresha haba imashini itera spray hamwe na reaktori ya okiside yibanze (shusho 1) cyangwa sisitemu ya jet bubbler. Muri buri gazi yinjizwa mumashanyarazi mu bihe bidasanzwe; slurry noneho inyura mumashanyarazi ya aerobic cyangwa reaction ya reaction, aho sulfite ihinduka sulfate, hamwe na gypsum imvura. Igihe cyo gufunga Hydraulic mumashanyarazi ya okiside ni iminota 20.

1. Sasa inkingi ya hekeste ku gahato okiside (LSFO) sisitemu ya FGD. Muri LSFO scrubber slurry inyura kuri reaction, aho umwuka wongerwamo imbaraga kugirango okiside ya sulfite kuri sulfate. Iyi okiside isa naho ihindura selenite kugirango ihindurwe, bikavamo ingorane zo kuvura nyuma. Inkomoko: CH2M HILL

Ubu buryo busanzwe bukora hamwe na 14% kugeza 18%. Ibisigara byahagaritswe bigizwe na gypsum nziza kandi yuzuye, ivu ryisazi, nibikoresho byinjizwamo hekeste. Iyo ibinini bigeze kumupaka wo hejuru, ibishishwa birahanagurwa. Sisitemu nyinshi za LSFO FGD zikoresha imashini itandukanya imashini hamwe no kuvomerera amazi kugirango itandukane gypsumu nibindi bikoresho n'amazi meza (Ishusho 2).

2. FGD isukura gypsum sisitemu yo kuvomerera. Mubisanzwe gypsum dewatering sisitemu ibice byogejwe byashyizwe mubikorwa, cyangwa bitandukanijwe, mubice bito kandi byiza. Ibice byiza bitandukanijwe mumazi arenga hydroclone kugirango bitange amazi atemba agizwe ahanini na kristu nini ya gypsumu (ishobora kugurishwa) ishobora gutwarwa nubushyuhe buke hamwe na sisitemu yo kuvomera umukanda. Inkomoko: CH2M HILL

Sisitemu zimwe na zimwe za FGD zikoresha uburemere bwikurura cyangwa gutuza ibyuzi kugirango bishyirwe mu byuma no kuvomera amazi, ndetse bamwe bakoresha centrifuges cyangwa rotum vacuum drum sisitemu yo kuvomerera, ariko sisitemu nyinshi nshya zikoresha hydroclone n'umukandara wa vacuum. Bamwe barashobora gukoresha hydroclone ebyiri murukurikirane kugirango bongere ibinini muri sisitemu yo kuvomera. Igice cya hydroclone cyuzuye gishobora gusubizwa muri sisitemu ya FGD kugirango igabanye amazi mabi.

Isuku irashobora kandi gutangizwa mugihe habaye kwiyongera kwa chloride mumashanyarazi ya FGD, bisabwa nimbibi zashyizweho no kurwanya ruswa yibikoresho bya sisitemu ya FGD.

Ibiranga amazi ya FGD

Impinduka nyinshi zigira ingaruka kumazi y’amazi ya FGD, nkamakara hamwe nubutare, ubwoko bwa scrubber, hamwe na gypsum-dewatering ikoreshwa. Amakara atanga imyuka ya aside - nka chloride, fluoride, na sulfate - hamwe n’ibyuma bihindagurika, birimo arsenic, mercure, selenium, boron, kadmium, na zinc. Ikibuye gitanga ibyuma na aluminiyumu (biva mumabuye y'ibumba) mumazi ya FGD. Ubusanzwe hekeste isunikwa mu ruganda rutose, kandi isuri no kwangirika kwimipira bigira uruhare mubyuma bya hekimoni. Ibumba rikunda gutanga amande ya inert, nimwe mumpamvu zituma amazi mabi asukurwa muri scrubber.

Kuva: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, PE; A. Thomas Sandy, PE; na Silas W. Atanga, PE.

Email: caroline@rbsic-sisic.com