Gutwika amakara mu bigo by'ibisekuruza by'ingufu bitanga imyanda ikomeye, nk'iso rinini kandi biguruka ivu, na gaze ya flue yasohotse mu kirere. Ibimera byinshi birasabwa gukuraho imyuka ya sox kuva gaze ya flue ukoresheje sisitemu ya gaze ya flue (FGD). Ikoranabuhanga rya FGD eshatu ryakoreshejwe muri Amerika ritose (85% ryibikoresho), guswera kwumye (12%), no gutera inshinge zumye (3%). Scrubbers itose mubisanzwe ikuraho ibirenga 90% bya sox, ugereranije na scrubbers yumye, ikuraho 80%. Iyi ngingo itanga ikoranabuhanga-ubuhanzi-ubuhanzi bwo kuvura amazi yanduye atoseSisitemu ya FGD.
Ibyingenzi bya FGD
Ikoranabuhanga rya FGD rya FGD rihuye nigice cya reacry na react hamwe nigice cya societe. Ubwoko butandukanye bwabakiriye, harimo iminara yuzuye kandi ipakiye, scrubbers, no gutera scrubbers mu gice cya reaction. Abahumva batesha agaciro amaseke ya aside hamwe na alkaline slurry ya lime, sodium hydroxide, cyangwa hekeste. Kubwimpamvu nyinshi zubukungu, scrubbers nshya ikunda gukoresha amabuye.
Iyo hekeste yibagiwe muri sox mubihe bigabanya, bityo 2 (igice kinini cya sox) gihindurwa muri sulfte, gikize muri sulfite sulfte. Mbere ya sisitemu (ivugwa nkibimama bisanzwe cyangwa byabujijwe sisitemu ya okiside) yabyaye calcium sulfte ibicuruzwa. AgashyaSisitemu ya FGDKoresha reaction ya okiside aho calcium sulfite yahinduwe kuri calcium sulfate (gypsum); Aba bavugwa nka hekeste okiside ya FGD (LSFO) ya FGD.
Ibisanzwe bya LSFO FGD igezweho ya SPGD ikoresha umunara wa spray hamwe na okiside ikora inyuma ya reaction munsi (Ishusho 1) cyangwa sisitemu ya jet bubbler. Muri buri gaze yinjijwe mumabuye yamashanyarazi munsi ya anoupxic; Igitonyanga noneho gihitana na aerobic reaction cyangwa agace k'ibisubizo, aho sulfite yahinduwe kuri sulfate, hamwe na gypsum. Igihe cyo gufunga hydraulic mugihe cya okiside ni iminota 20.
1. Spray inkingi yamalakune yama okidation (lsfo) sisitemu ya FGD. Muri lsfo scrubber passes ya reaction, aho ikirere cyongeweho kugirango uhatire okiside ya sulfite kuri sulfate. Iyi okiside igaragara ko yahinduye Selenite kuri Selen, bikavamo ingorane zo kuvura nyuma. Inkomoko: Umusozi wa Ch2m
Sisitemu mubisanzwe ikorana na pelide yahagaritswe 14% kugeza 18%. Guhagarika solde bigizwe na soko nziza kandi ya coarse gypsum, kuguruka ivu, ibikoresho bya inert byatangiriyeho nabi. Iyo ibintu bigeze kumupaka wo hejuru, birasukuwe. Sisitemu nyinshi za LSFO zikoresha gutandukanya imashini no kugata kuri sisitemu yo gutandukanya Gypsum nibindi bibi bivuye kumazi yohana (Ishusho 2).
2. FGD Shum Gypsum sisitemu yo gucuruza. Muburyo busanzwe bwa Gypsum Defaring ibice muri Shushanya birashyirwa mubikorwa, cyangwa bitandukanijwe, mubice bibi nibice byiza. Ibice byiza bitandukanijwe muri hydroclone kugirango bibe umurimburuke ugizwe ahanini na kristu nini (kubishobora kwikuramo ubushuhe buke hamwe na sisitemu yo guswera ya vacuum. Inkomoko: Umusozi wa Ch2m
Sisitemu zimwe za FGD zikoresha uburemere cyangwa gutuza ibyuzi byo gutondekanya ibinini no kuryamana, kandi bimwe na bimwe byangiza ingoma ya simaum cyangwa imiyoboro mishya ikoresha hydroclone na vacuum. Bamwe barashobora gukoresha hydriclone ebyiri murukurikirane rwo kongera gukuramo kwa sofding muburyo bwo kwamazi. Igice cya hydroclone kirengerwa gishobora gusubizwa kuri sisitemu ya FGD kugirango igabanye amazi.
Gusukura birashobora kandi gutangizwa mugihe habaye kwiyubaka kwa chloride muri FGD, bisaba imipaka yatanzwe na ruswa ibikoresho byubwubatsi bya FGD.
Fgd guta amazi
Ibihinduka byinshi bigira ingaruka kumazi yamazi ya FGD, nkibigize amakara n'amabuye, ubwoko bwa Scrubber, hamwe na gypsum-defasse yakoreshejwe. Amakara atanga imyugwa ya acide - nka chloride, fluorides, na sulfate - ndetse no mu gihinja, harimo na Arsenic, Seron, Boron, Cadmium, na Zinc. Ubuzima bugufi butanga icyuma na aluminium (kuva mu mabuye y'ibumba) ku mazi ya FGD. Ubuzima busanzwe bukoreshwa mu ruganda rutose umupira utose, kandi isuri no kugasiganwa k'umupira bitanga icyuma mu businzi bwa hekestone. Inzara zikunda gutanga induru ya inert, niyihe imwe mu mpamvu zituma amazi yanduye asukuye kuri scrubber.
Kuva: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, Pe; A. Thomas Sandy, Pe; na Sila W. Tanga, Pe.
Email: caroline@rbsic-sisic.com
Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-04-2018