Chida chachinsinsi cha osinthanitsa kutentha: momwe silicon carbide ceramics imafotokozeranso bwino komanso moyo wautali

Monga "ngwazi yosadziwika" yosinthira mphamvu m'mafakitale,osinthanitsa kutenthakuthandizira mwakachetechete kugwira ntchito kwa mafakitale monga mankhwala, mphamvu, ndi zitsulo. Kuyambira kuzizira kwa mpweya wozizira mpaka kuzizira kwa injini ya rocket, kupezeka kwake kuli paliponse. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa kutentha kowoneka ngati kosavuta, kusankha kwa zipangizo nthawi zambiri kumakhala chinsinsi chodziwira kupambana kapena kulephera kwa zipangizo. Lero tiwulula malamulo oyambira osinthira kutentha ndikuphunzira momwe zoumba za silicon carbide zimabweretsera luso pa ntchitoyi.
1. Mitundu yosunthika ya osinthanitsa kutentha
Osinthanitsa kutentha amagawidwa makamaka m'magulu anayi kutengera mawonekedwe awo:
1. Chipolopolo ndi mtundu wa chubu - mawonekedwe a mapaipi amitundu yambiri omwe amafanana ndi chidole chokhala ndi zisa, kumene zofalitsa zamkati ndi zakunja zimatengera kutentha mosadziwika kudzera pa khoma la chitoliro, choyenera pazochitika zothamanga kwambiri ndi kutentha;
2. Mtundu wa mbale - wopangidwa ndi zitsulo zamalata zoyikidwa muzitsulo za maze, mawonekedwe a mbale yopyapyala amalola kuti "pamwamba pa pamwamba" kutentha kwa madzi otentha ndi ozizira;
3. Mtundu wa Fin - mapiko achitsulo amakula pamwamba pa payipi kuti awonjezere malo ndikuwongolera kutentha kwa mpweya;
4. Spiral - Pindani njira yolowera mu mawonekedwe a kasupe kuti muwonjezere nthawi yolumikizana ndi sing'anga mu malo ochepa.
Kapangidwe kalikonse kali pamasewera okhala ndi mawonekedwe a zinthuzo: mwachitsanzo, zida zachitsulo zachikhalidwe, ngakhale zimatenthetsa mwachangu, nthawi zambiri zimawonetsa zofooka m'malo ovuta kwambiri monga dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwambiri.

2, Kusintha Kwazinthu: Kupambana Kwambiri kwa Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Pamene mainjiniya akuwongolera mosalekeza kapangidwe ka zotenthetsera, kutuluka kwa silicon carbide ceramics kwathandizira kusinthika uku. Zinthu za ceramic zopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri izi zikulembanso malamulo amasewera pakusinthana kwa kutentha:
1. Zidzimbiri Terminator
Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala monga asidi amphamvu ndi kupopera mchere kuli ngati "mdani wachilengedwe" wa zitsulo, pamene zoumba za silicon carbide zimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri. Pakupanga mankhwala, moyo wawo wautumiki ukhoza kufika kangapo kuposa wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo kuwongolera kwa zida kumakulitsidwa kwambiri.
2. Kutentha kwachangu
Ngakhale amatchedwa ceramic, kutentha kwake kumafanana ndi aluminiyamu alloy. Mapangidwe apadera a kristalo amalola kutentha kuwulukira ngati mumsewu waukulu, ndikutentha kotentha kwambiri kuwirikiza kangapo kuposa zida zadothi wamba, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pamakina owongolera kutentha omwe amafunikira kuyankha mwachangu.
3. Womenyera kutentha kwambiri
Imatha kukhalabe okhazikika ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kwa 1350 ℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisalowe m'malo apadera monga kutenthetsa zinyalala ndi zakuthambo. Zida zachitsulo zafewetsa kale komanso zopunduka m'malo ano, koma silicon carbide imakhalabe yamphamvu.
4. Kuwala komanso kosavuta kunyamula
Poyerekeza ndi zida zachitsulo zazikulu, zoumba za silicon carbide zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Ubwinowu "wopepuka" ndiwofunika kwambiri pazida zam'manja komanso zochitika zantchito zapamwamba, zomwe zimachepetsa mwachindunji mtengo wamayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa.
3, Tsogolo lili pano: Zida zatsopano zimayendetsa kukweza kwa mafakitale
Pankhani ya kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, zida zamafakitale zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera mphamvu. Silicon carbide ceramic heat exchangers sikuti amachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha dzimbiri komanso makulitsidwe, komanso amakhala ndi moyo wautali womwe umachepetsa zinyalala zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zida m'malo mwake. Pakali pano, luso limeneli wakhala bwinobwino ntchito m'minda mphamvu zatsopano monga photovoltaic polycrystalline pakachitsulo kukonzekera ndi lifiyamu batire zinthu sintering, kusonyeza amphamvu kudutsa malire.
Monga oyambitsa omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kafukufuku ndi kakulidwe ka silicon carbide ceramics, tikudutsa mosalekeza zopinga zaukadaulo za kupanga zinthu ndi kukonza molondola. Mwa kusintha zinthu zomwe zili ndi porosity ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba, izi 'ukadaulo wakuda' ukhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa zapadera zamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe zikakumana ndi zovuta, zoumba za silicon carbide zikuyambitsa nyengo yatsopano yotengera kutentha koyenera.
Mbiri ya chisinthiko chaukadaulo wosinthira kutentha kwenikweni ndi mbiri yazinthu zatsopano. Kuchokera ku chitsulo chotayidwa kupita ku titaniyamu aloyi, kuchokera ku graphite kupita ku silicon carbide, kusintha kulikonse kwakuthupi kumabweretsa kuwongolera kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Kusankha silicon carbide ceramics sikungokhudza kusankha zida zodalirika, komanso kusankha njira zokhazikika zamafakitale zam'tsogolo.