M'munda waukulu wa sayansi yazinthu, zoumba za silicon carbide zakhala "zokondedwa" m'magawo ambiri apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino kwambiri monga kuuma kwambiri, kulimba kwambiri, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala. Kuchokera kumlengalenga mpaka kupanga semiconductor, kuchokera pamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano kupita kumakina akumafakitale, zoumba za silicon carbide zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pokonzekera zoumba za silicon carbide ceramics, njira yopangira sintering ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimazindikiritsa mawonekedwe ake ndi kuchuluka kwake. Lero, tikhala tikuyang'ana pa sintering process ya silicon carbide ndikuyang'ana kwambiri zaubwino wapadera wa reaction sintered.silicon carbide ceramics.
Njira zodziwika bwino zopangira silicon carbide
Pali njira zingapo zopangira silicon carbide, iliyonse ili ndi mfundo zake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
1. Kutentha kotentha kwa sintering: Njira iyi yopangira sintering imaphatikizapo kuyika silicon carbide ufa mu nkhungu, kugwiritsa ntchito kupanikizika kwina pamene mukuwotcha, kuti amalize kuumba ndi kupukuta nthawi imodzi. Sintering yotentha imatha kupeza zoumba zolimba za silicon carbide panthawi yotentha kwambiri komanso kwakanthawi kochepa, ndi kukula kwa tirigu wabwino komanso makina abwino. Komabe, zida zotentha zotentha za sintering ndizovuta, mtengo wa nkhungu ndi wokwera kwambiri, zofunikira zopangira ndizovuta, ndipo magawo owoneka bwino okha amatha kukonzedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zochepa zopanga, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakukulu.
2. Atmospheric pressure sintering: Atmospheric pressure sintering ndi njira ya densification sintering ya silicon carbide poyitenthetsa mpaka 2000-2150 ℃ pansi pa kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga ndi mikhalidwe ya mlengalenga, powonjezera zothandizira zoyenera. Imagawidwa m'njira ziwiri: solid-state sintering ndi madzi-gawo sintering. Olimba gawo sintering akhoza kukwaniritsa mkulu kachulukidwe wa pakachitsulo carbide, popanda gawo galasi pakati makhiristo, ndi kwambiri mkulu-kutentha makina katundu; Liquid phase sintering ili ndi ubwino wotsitsa kutentha kwa sintering, kukula kwambewu kakang'ono, ndi mphamvu zopindika zakuthupi komanso kulimba kwa fracture. Atmospheric pressure sintering ilibe malire pamawonekedwe ndi kukula kwazinthu, mtengo wotsika wopanga, komanso zinthu zambiri zakuthupi, koma kutentha kwa sintering ndikokwera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikokwera.
3. Rection sintering: Reaction sintered silicon carbide idaperekedwa koyamba ndi P. Popper m'ma 1950s. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza gwero la kaboni ndi silicon carbide ufa, ndikukonzekera thupi lobiriwira kudzera m'njira monga jekeseni, kukanikiza kowuma, kapena kuzizira kwa isostatic. Kenaka, billet imatenthedwa kufika pamwamba pa 1500 ℃ pansi pa vacuum kapena inert atmosphere, pamene silicon yolimba imasungunuka mu silicon yamadzimadzi, yomwe imalowa mu billet yomwe ili ndi pores kudzera mu capillary action. Silikoni yamadzimadzi kapena nthunzi ya silicon imalowa m'thupi ndi C mu thupi lobiriwira, ndipo in-situ imapangidwa β - SiC imaphatikizana ndi tinthu tambiri ta SiC mu thupi lobiriwira kupanga reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic materials.
Ubwino wa Reaction Sintering Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zopangira sintering, zoumba za sintered silicon carbide zili ndi zabwino zambiri:
1. Low sintering kutentha ndi mtengo controllable: Zimene sintering kutentha nthawi zambiri m'munsi kuposa mumlengalenga sintering kutentha, kwambiri kuchepetsa mowa mphamvu ndi mkulu kutentha ntchito zofunika zipangizo sintering. Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa sintering kumatanthawuza kutsika kwa mtengo wokonza zida ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yopanga, kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zoumba za sintered silicon carbide zikhale ndi zabwino zambiri pazachuma pakupanga kwakukulu.
2. Near net size kupanga, oyenera zomangika zovuta: Pa zimene sintering ndondomeko, zinthu nkomwe amadutsa voliyumu shrinkage. Chikhalidwe ichi chimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kwambiri pokonzekera zigawo zazikuluzikulu, zovuta zowoneka bwino. Kaya ndi zida zamakina olondola kapena zida zazikulu zamafakitale, zoumba za sintered silicon carbide zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake, kuchepetsa masitepe okonzekera, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu ndi kuwonjezereka kwamitengo komwe kumachitika chifukwa chokonza.
3. Mkulu digiri ya kachulukidwe chuma: Mwa kulamulira mmene zinthu momveka, anachita sintering akhoza kukwaniritsa mkulu mlingo wa kachulukidwe pakachitsulo carbide ceramics. Mapangidwe owundana amapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina, monga mphamvu yopindika kwambiri komanso mphamvu zophatikizika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhalebe zolimba pansi pa mphamvu zakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe owundana amathandizanso kuti zinthuzo zisamavalidwe komanso kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwira ntchito mokhazikika m'malo ovuta komanso kukulitsa moyo wake wautumiki.
4. Kukhazikika kwamankhwala abwino: Zoumba za sintered silicon carbide zimakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kwa asidi amphamvu ndi zitsulo zosungunuka. M'mafakitale monga mankhwala ndi zitsulo, zida nthawi zambiri zimafunika kukumana ndi zofalitsa zosiyanasiyana zowononga. Zomwe sintered silicon carbide ceramics zimatha kukana kukokoloka kwa media izi, kuwonetsetsa kuti zida zikuyenda bwino, kuchepetsa kukonza ndi kubweza ndalama, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupanga ndi kukhazikika.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana
Ndi zabwino izi, reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. M'munda wa zida zamoto zotentha kwambiri, zimatha kupirira malo otentha kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma kilns akugwira ntchito bwino; M'malo osinthanitsa kutentha, kutentha kwawo kwabwino kwambiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kumawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri; Mu zida zoteteza zachilengedwe monga ma nozzles a desulfurization, zimatha kukana kukokoloka kwa media zowononga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, ma reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics amakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira m'magawo apamwamba monga ma photovoltaics ndi azamlengalenga.
Zoumba za silicon carbide za Reaction sintered silicon carbide zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira mu banja la silicon carbide ceramic chifukwa cha zabwino zake zapadera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komanso kukhathamiritsa kosalekeza kwa njira, akukhulupirira kuti zoumba za sintered silicon carbide zidzawonetsa ntchito yawo yabwino kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2025