Kufotokozera
Hydrocyclonesali ndi mawonekedwe a cono-cylindrical, okhala ndi cholowera cholowera m'chigawo cha cylindrical ndi chotulukira pa axis iliyonse. Malo otulutsira pagawo la cylindrical amatchedwa vortex finder ndipo amapitilira mumkuntho kuti achepetse kuyenda kwafupipafupi kuchokera kulowera. Pamapeto a conical pali chotulukira chachiwiri, spigot. Kuti tisiyanitse kukula, malo onsewa amakhala otseguka kumlengalenga. Ma Hydrocyclones nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa molunjika ndi spigot kumapeto kwenikweni, chifukwa chake chinthu chowawa chimatchedwa underflow ndi chinthu chabwino, kusiya chopeza cha vortex, kusefukira. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa mayendedwe oyambira ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wambahydrocyclone: ma vortices awiri, tangential feed inlet ndi axial outlets. Kupatula chigawo chapafupi cha polowera tangential, kuyenda kwamadzimadzi mkati mwa chimphepocho kumakhala kofanana ndi radial symmetry. Ngati malo amodzi kapena onse awiri ali otsegukira mlengalenga, malo otsika kwambiri amayambitsa mpweya wozungulira mozungulira, mkati mwa vortex yamkati.
Chithunzi 1. Zinthu zazikuluzikulu za hydrocyclone.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosavuta: madzimadzi, omwe amanyamula tinthu tating'onoting'ono, amalowa mumkuntho tangentially, spirals pansi ndipo amapanga munda wa centrifugal mukuyenda kwa vortex kwaulere. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timadutsa mumadzimadzi kupita kunja kwa chimphepocho mozungulira, ndikutuluka mu spigot ndi kachigawo kakang'ono ka madziwo. Chifukwa cha malo ochepetsera a spigot, phokoso lamkati, lozungulira mofanana ndi mphutsi yakunja koma likuyenda mmwamba, limakhazikitsidwa ndikusiya chimphepocho kupyolera mu vortex finder, kunyamula madzi ambiri ndi tinthu tating'ono kwambiri. Ngati spigot ipitilira, phata la mpweya limatsekedwa ndipo kutuluka kwa spigot kumasintha kuchoka pa kutsitsi ngati ambulera kukhala 'chingwe' ndikutayika kwa zinthu zolimba mpaka kusefukira.
Kuzungulira kwa gawo la cylindrical ndiko kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe titha kupatukana, ngakhale ma diameter atulutsira amatha kusinthidwa paokha kuti asinthe kupatukana komwe kumapezeka. Pamene ogwira ntchito oyambirira ankayesa mvula yamkuntho ngati 5 mm m'mimba mwake, malonda a hydrocyclone diameters panopa amachokera ku 10 mm mpaka 2.5 m, ndi kukula kwake kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono 2700 kg m-3 ya 1.5-300 μm, kutsika ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumayambira pa 10 bar kwa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono mpaka 0,5 bar pamayunitsi akulu. Kuonjezera mphamvu, angapo ang'onoang'onohydrocycloneszitha kuchulukitsidwa kuchokera ku mzere umodzi wa chakudya.
Ngakhale kuti mfundo yoyendetsera ntchitoyi ndi yophweka, mbali zambiri za ntchito yawo sizikumvekabe bwino, ndipo kusankha kwa hydrocyclone ndi kuneneratu za ntchito ya mafakitale ndizowoneka bwino.
Gulu
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu Wills' Mineral Processing Technology (Eighth Edition), 2016
9.4.3 Hydrocyclones Versus Screens
Ma Hydrocyclones afika polamulira magulu akamagwira ntchito ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'mabwalo otsekedwa (<200 µm). Komabe, zomwe zachitika posachedwa paukadaulo wapa skrini (Chaputala 8) zatsitsimutsanso chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito zowonera pogaya mabwalo. Zowonetsera zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kachulukidwe kamene kamafalikira mu mchere wa chakudya. Izi zitha kukhala zopindulitsa. Zowonetsera sizikhalanso ndi kagawo kakang'ono, ndipo monga Chitsanzo 9.2 chasonyezera, kudutsa kungakhale kwakukulu (kupitirira 30% pamenepa). Chithunzi 9.8 chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha kusiyana kwa ma curve a cyclonesand ndi zowonera. Zomwe zidachokera ku El Brocal concentrator ku Peru ndikuwunika ma hydrocyclone asanachitike komanso pambuyo pake adasinthidwa ndi Derrick Stack Sizer® (onani Mutu 8) pagawo logaya(Dündar et al., 2014). Mogwirizana ndi chiyembekezero, poyerekeza ndi chimphepo chotchinga chotchinga chinali ndi kulekanitsa kwakuthwa (kutsetsereka kwa phirilo ndikokwera kwambiri) komanso kudutsa pang'ono. Kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kunanenedwa chifukwa cha kusweka kwakukulu pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito chophimba. Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha kuthetsedwa kwa njira yodutsamo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zabwino zomwe zimatumizidwa ku mphero zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tiwonongeke.
Chithunzi 9.8. Magawo okhotakhota a mvula yamkuntho ndi zowonera pagawo logaya ku El Brocal concentrator.
(Zosinthidwa kuchokera ku Dündar et al. (2014))
Kusintha si njira imodzi, komabe: chitsanzo chaposachedwa ndikusintha kuchokera pazenera kupita ku chimphepo, kuti mutengerepo mwayi pakuchepetsa kukula kwamafuta olipira kwambiri (Sasseville, 2015).
Metallurgical ndondomeko ndi mapangidwe
Eoin H. Macdonald, mu Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, 2007
Hydrocyclones
Ma Hydrocyclones ndi magawo omwe amawakonda kwambiri potengera kukula kapena kutsitsa ma voliyumu akulu otsika mtengo komanso chifukwa amakhala ndi malo ochepa kwambiri apansi kapena mutu. Amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri akamadyetsedwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi komanso kuchulukana kwa zamkati ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha kapena m'magulu kuti apeze mphamvu zonse zomwe amafunikira pamagawidwe ofunikira. Kuthekera kwa makulidwe kumadalira mphamvu zapakati zopangidwa ndi ma liwiro othamanga kwambiri othamanga kudzera mugawoli. Vortex yoyamba yopangidwa ndi slurry yomwe ikubwera imachita mozungulira pansi mozungulira khoma lamkati la cone. Zolimba zimaponyedwa kunja ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal kotero kuti zamkati zimayenda pansi kachulukidwe kake kumawonjezeka. Zigawo zoyima za liwiro zimagwira pansi pafupi ndi makoma a koni ndi kumtunda pafupi ndi olamulira. Kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka matope kogawanika kamene kamakakamizika mmwamba kupyolera pa chofufumitsa cha vortex kuti chidutse potsegula kumapeto kwa kondoyo. Malo apakati kapena envulopu yomwe ili pakati pa mayendedwe awiriwa imakhala ndi zero ofukula liwiro ndipo imalekanitsa zolimba zolimba zomwe zikuyenda pansi kuchokera ku zolimba zolimba zikuyenda mmwamba. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadutsa m'mwamba mkati mwa vortex yaying'ono yamkati ndipo mphamvu zapamwamba za centrifugal zimaponyera zazikulu za tinthu tating'ono tating'ono kunja kotero kuti tisiyanitse bwino kwambiri. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timabwerera ku vortex yakunja ndikufotokozeranso ku jig feed.
Ma geometry ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito mkati mwa spiral flow pattern of a wambahydrocycloneakufotokozedwa mkuyu 8.13. Zosintha zogwirira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa zamkati, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, mawonekedwe olimba, kukakamiza kolowera komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kudzera mkuntho. Zosintha za Cyclone ndi malo olowera chakudya, mainchesi opeza vortex ndi kutalika, ndi mainchesi otulutsa spigot. Mtengo wa kukoka kokwanira kumakhudzidwanso ndi mawonekedwe; kwambiri tinthu zimasiyanasiyana sphericity ang'onoang'ono ndi mawonekedwe ake ndi kukulirapo kukhazikika kwake kukana. Malo opanikizika kwambiri atha kupitilira tinthu tating'ono ta golide tokulirapo 200 mm kukula kwake ndikuwunika mosamalitsa kagayidwe kake ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kubwezanso kwambiri komanso kupangika kwa matope. M'mbiri, pamene chidwi chochepa sichinaperekedwe pakuchira kwa 150μM'nthaka za golide, kunyamulidwa kwa golide m'zigawo za matope kumawoneka kuti kwachititsa kuti golide atayike kwambiri omwe adalembedwa kuti ndi okwera kwambiri mpaka 40-60% m'ntchito zambiri zoyika golide.
8.13. Ma geometry wamba ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito a hydrocyclone.
Chithunzi 8.14 (Tchati cha Warman Selection) ndikusankha koyambirira kwa namondwe wolekanitsa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya D50 kuchokera pa 9-18 microns mpaka 33-76 microns. Tchatichi, monganso momwe zimakhalira ndi ma chart oterowo a momwe mphepo yamkuntho imagwirira ntchito, imachokera ku chakudya choyendetsedwa bwino chamtundu winawake. Imatengera zolimba zomwe zili 2,700 kg/m3 m'madzi ngati chitsogozo choyamba pakusankha. Mphepo zamkuntho zazikuluzikulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zolekanitsa koma zimafunikira chakudya chambiri kuti chigwire bwino ntchito. Kupatukana kwabwino pazakudya zambiri kumafunikira mikuntho yaying'ono yomwe imagwira ntchito limodzi. Mapangidwe omaliza a kukula kwapafupi ayenera kutsimikiziridwa moyesera, ndipo ndikofunikira kusankha chimphepo chamkuntho chozungulira pakati pamtunduwo kuti zosintha zing'onozing'ono zomwe zingafunike zitheke poyambira kugwira ntchito.
8.14. Tchati choyambirira cha Warman kusankha.
Mphepo yamkuntho ya CBC (bedi lozungulira) akuti imayika zida zamafuta a golide mpaka 5 mm m'mimba mwake ndikupeza chakudya chambiri chokhazikika kuchokera pakusefukira. Kupatukana kumachitika pafupifupiD50/150 ma microns kutengera silika wa kachulukidwe 2.65. Mphepo yamkuntho ya CBC imatchedwa kuti ndiyotheka kupatukana chifukwa cha mayendedwe ake osalala komanso pafupifupi kuchotsa zinyalala zabwino. Komabe, ngakhale kachitidwe kameneka kakuti kamatulutsa mchere wambiri wolemera wochuluka mu chiphaso chimodzi kuchokera ku chakudya chotalikirapo (monga mchenga wamchere), palibe ziwerengero zoterezi zomwe zilipo pazakudya zokhala ndi golide wabwino komanso wosasunthika. . Gulu 8.5 limapereka chidziwitso chaukadaulo cha AKWhydrocyclonespazigawo zodula pakati pa 30 ndi 100 microns.
Ndime 8.5. Zambiri zaukadaulo za AKW hydrocyclones
| Mtundu (KRS) | Diameter (mm) | Kutsika kwamphamvu | Mphamvu | Dulani mfundo (microns) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuthamanga (m3/h) | Zolimba (t/h max). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30-50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11-30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18-60 | 15 | 40-60 |
| (RWN) 6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40-140 | 40 | 50-100 |
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wa iron ore comminution ndi classification technologies
A. Jankovic, mu Iron Ore, 2015
8.3.3.1 Olekanitsa Hydrocyclone
Hydrocyclone, yomwe imatchedwanso cyclone, ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti ipititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa slurryparticles ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono molingana ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mphamvu yokoka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a minerals, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu pakukonza mchere kumakhala ngati gulu, lomwe lakhala lothandiza kwambiri pamagawo olekanitsa abwino. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogaya mozungulira koma apeza ntchito zina zambiri, monga desliming, degritting, and thickening.
Hydrocyclone yodziwika bwino (Chithunzi 8.12a) imakhala ndi chotengera chowoneka bwino, chotsegulidwa pamwamba pake, kapena kutsika kwake, cholumikizidwa ndi gawo la cylindrical, lomwe lili ndi cholowera chakudyetsa. Pamwamba pa gawo la cylindrical latsekedwa ndi mbale yomwe imadutsa chitoliro chokwera cha axially. Chitolirocho chimatambasulidwa m'thupi la chimphepocho ndi gawo lalifupi, lochotsamo lomwe limatchedwa vortex finder, lomwe limalepheretsa kufalikira kwachakudya molunjika ndikusefukira. Chakudyacho chimayambitsidwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kudzera mu kulowa kwa tangential, komwe kumapangitsa kusuntha kwa zamkati. Izi zimapanga mphepo yamkuntho, yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika motsatira mayendedwe oyima, monga momwe chithunzi 8.12b chikusonyezera. Mpweya wa mpweya umakula motsatira nsonga, yomwe nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi mlengalenga kudzera pachitseko chapamwamba, koma mbali ina imapangidwa ndi mpweya wosungunuka wotuluka m'malo otsika kwambiri. Mphamvu ya centrifugal imathandizira kukhazikika kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono, potero imalekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono molingana ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mphamvu yokoka. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhazikika timasunthira kukhoma la chimphepo, pomwe liwiro limakhala lotsika kwambiri, ndikusamukira kumalo otsegulira (pansipa). Chifukwa cha zochita za mphamvu yokoka, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhazikika timapita kumalo otsika kwambiri pamphepete mwa axis ndipo amanyamulira mmwamba kudzera mu vortex finder mpaka kusefukira.
Chithunzi 8.12. Hydrocyclone (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) ndi batire ya hydrocyclone. Cavex hydrocyclone overvew brosha, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
Ma Hydrocyclones amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi pogaya mabwalo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuchita bwino. Athanso kuyika m'magulu amitundu yambiri (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala 5-500 μm), tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kugawa bwino. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito chimphepo m'mabwalo akupera a magnetite kungayambitse ntchito yosakwanira chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe pakati pa magnetite ndi zinyalala mchere (silika). Magnetite ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono pafupifupi 5.15, pomwe silica imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kake pafupifupi 2.7. Muhydrocyclones, mchere wokhuthala umasiyana pa kukula kodulidwa bwino kuposa mchere wopepuka. Choncho, magnetite omasulidwa ali anaikira mu chimphepo underflow, ndi chotsatira overgrinding wa magnetite. Napier-Munn et al. (2005) adanenanso kuti mgwirizano pakati pa kukula kodulidwa (d50c) ndi kachulukidwe ka tinthu kumatsatira mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe otsatirawa kutengera momwe mayendetsedwe ndi zinthu zina:
kuρs ndiye kuchuluka kwa zolimba,ρl ndi kuchuluka kwamadzimadzi, ndinpakati pa 0.5 ndi 1.0. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa mchere pakuchita kwa chimphepo zimatha kukhala zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ngatid50c ya magnetite ndi 25 μm, ndiyed50c ya silika particles adzakhala 40-65 μm. Chithunzi 8.13 limasonyeza mkuntho gulu zokhotakhota dzuwa kwa magnetite (Fe3O4) ndi silika (SiO2) analandira kuchokera kafukufuku wa mafakitale mpira mphero magnetite akupera dera. Kusiyanitsa kwa kukula kwa silika ndikokulirapo, ndi ad50c ya Fe3O4 ya 29 μm, pomwe ya SiO2 ndi 68 μm. Chifukwa cha chodabwitsa ichi, maginito akupera mphero mu madera otsekedwa ndi hydrocyclones sachita bwino ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi mabwalo ena akupera zitsulo.
Chithunzi 8.13. Kuchita bwino kwa mphepo yamkuntho kwa magnetite Fe3O4 ndi silika SiO2-kufufuza kwa mafakitale.
High Pressure Process Technology: Zofunikira ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito
MJ Cocero PhD, mu Industrial Chemistry Library, 2001
Zida zolekanitsa zolimba
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Hydrocyclone
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yosavuta ya olekanitsa zolimba. Ndi chida cholekanitsa chapamwamba kwambiri ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa bwino zolimba pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika. Ndiwopanda ndalama chifukwa ilibe ziwalo zosuntha ndipo imafuna chisamaliro chochepa.
Kulekanitsa dzuwa kwa zolimba ndi ntchito yamphamvu ya tinthu kukula ndi kutentha. Kuthekera kwakukulu kolekanitsa pafupi ndi 80% kumatheka kwa silika ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 300 ° C, pamene kutentha komweko, kulekanitsa kwakukulu kwa tinthu tating'ono ta zircon ndi zazikulu kuposa 99% [29].
Vuto lalikulu la ntchito ya hydrocyclone ndi chizolowezi cha mchere wina kumamatira ku makoma a mphepo yamkuntho.
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Cross microsefera
Zosefera zodutsa m'miyendo zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa mu kusefera kwa crossflow pansi pamikhalidwe yozungulira: kuchuluka kwa shear-rates ndi kuchepa kwa viscosity yamadzimadzi kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa kusefera. Cross-microfiltration yagwiritsidwa ntchito pakulekanitsa mchere wokhazikika ngati zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tizikhala bwino kwambiri kuposa 99.9%. Goemnsndi al.[30] adaphunzira kupatukana kwa sodium nitrate kumadzi apamwamba kwambiri. Pansi pa phunziroli, sodium nitrate analipo ngati mchere wosungunuka ndipo amatha kuwoloka fyuluta. Kusiyanitsa kunapezeka komwe kumasiyanasiyana ndi kutentha, popeza kusungunuka kumachepa pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kuyambira pakati pa 40% ndi 85%, kwa 400 ° C ndi 470 ° C, motero. Ogwira ntchitowa adalongosola njira yolekanitsa monga chotsatira cha kusiyana kwapakati pazitsulo zosefera ku yankho la supercritical, mosiyana ndi mchere wosungunuka, pogwiritsa ntchito ma viscosities awo omveka bwino. Choncho, zingakhale zotheka osati kungosefa mchere wamvula ngati zolimba komanso kusefa mchere wochepa wosungunuka womwe uli wosungunuka.
Mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito anali makamaka chifukwa cha kusefa-kudzimbirira ndi mchere.
Mapepala: Zobwezerezedwanso ndi Zobwezerezedwanso
MR Doshi, JM Dyer, mu Reference Module mu Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2016
3.3 Kuyeretsa
Oyeretsa kapenahydrocycloneschotsani zonyansa kuchokera ku zamkati potengera kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe pakati pa zonyansa ndi madzi. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi chotengera chopondera kapena chopindika cholumikizira momwe zamkati zimadyetsedwa mokhazikika kumapeto kwake kwakukulu (Chithunzi 6). Podutsa mu chotsuka, zamkati zimapanga mawonekedwe a vortex, ofanana ndi mphepo yamkuntho. Kuthamanga kumayenda mozungulira axis yapakati pamene ikudutsa kuchoka kulowera kupita kumtunda, kapena kutseguka kwapansi, mkati mwa khoma loyeretsa. Kuthamanga kozungulira kumathamanga pamene kukula kwa cone kumachepa. Pafupi ndi nsonga ya nsonga yotsegula yaing'ono imalepheretsa kutuluka kwa madzi ambiri omwe m'malo mwake amazungulira mu vortex yamkati pakatikati pa chotsukira. Kuthamanga kwapakati pakatikati kumatuluka kuchokera pachitseko chapamwamba mpaka kumatuluka kudzera mu chofufumitsa cha vortex, chomwe chili kumapeto kwake kwakukulu pakati pa chotsukira. Zida zolimba kwambiri, zitakhazikika pakhoma la chotsuka chifukwa cha mphamvu yapakati, zimatulutsidwa pamwamba pa cone (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Chithunzi 6. Magawo a hydrocyclone, machitidwe akuluakulu othamanga ndi machitidwe olekanitsa.
Oyeretsa amagawidwa kukhala okwera, apakati, kapena ochepa kwambiri malinga ndi kuchulukana ndi kukula kwa zonyansa zomwe zikuchotsedwa. Chotsukira kwambiri, chokhala ndi mainchesi 15 mpaka 50 cm (6-20 mkati) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zitsulo, zokopa zamapepala, ndi zoyambira ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa motsatira pulper. Pamene kuyeretsa kwake kumachepetsa, mphamvu zake pochotsa zowononga zazing'ono zimawonjezeka. Pazifukwa zothandiza komanso zachuma, chimphepo chamkuntho cha 75-mm (3 in) nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsuka chaching'ono kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala.
Zotsukira m'mbuyo ndi zotsukira zodutsamo zidapangidwa kuti zichotse zowononga zocheperako monga sera, polystyrene, ndi zomata. Otsuka m'mbuyo amatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti mitsinje yolandirira imasonkhanitsidwa pamalo otsukira pomwe zokana zimatuluka pakasefukira. Mu zotsukira zotsukira, amavomereza ndikukana kutuluka kumapeto komweko kwa chotsukira, ndikulandila pafupi ndi khoma loyeretsera lolekanitsidwa ndi zokanidwa ndi chubu chapakati pafupi ndi pakati pa chotsukira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 7.
Chithunzi 7. Ndondomeko za chotsuka chodutsa.
Ma centrifuges osalekeza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930 kuchotsa mchenga ku zamkati adasiyidwa pambuyo popanga ma hydrocyclone. Gyroclean, yopangidwa ku Center Technique du Papier, Grenoble, France, ili ndi silinda yomwe imazungulira 1200-1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Kuphatikizika kwa nthawi yayitali yokhalamo komanso mphamvu yayikulu ya centrifugal imalola zonyansa zocheperako nthawi yokwanira kuti zisamukire pakatikati pa zotsukira komwe zimakanidwa kudzera pakutulutsa kwapakati pa vortex.
MT Thew, mu Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000
Ndemanga
Ngakhale olimba - madzihydrocyclonezakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri za 20th, magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa amadzimadzi-zamadzimadzi sanafike mpaka 1980s. Makampani amafuta akunyanja amafunikira zida zowoneka bwino, zolimba komanso zodalirika zochotsera mafuta ogawanika bwino m'madzi. Chosowacho chinakhutitsidwa ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wa hydrocyclone, womwe unalibe mbali zosuntha.
Pambuyo pofotokoza chosowachi mokwanira ndikuchiyerekeza ndi kulekanitsa kolimba kwa madzi a cyclonic mu kukonza mchere, zabwino zomwe hydrocyclone idapereka pamitundu ya zida zomwe zidayikidwa kale kuti zikwaniritse ntchitoyo zimaperekedwa.
Njira zowunikira ntchito zolekanitsa zalembedwa zisanachitike kukambirana za magwiridwe antchito malinga ndi malamulo a chakudya, kuwongolera oyendetsa ntchito ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira, mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwamphamvu ndi kuthamanga.
Malo opangira mafuta a petroleum amakhazikitsa zovuta zina pazachuma ndipo izi zimaphatikizapo vuto la kukokoloka kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatchulidwa. Zokhudzana ndi mtengo wamitundu yamafakitole olekanitsa mafuta, zonse zazikulu ndi zobwereza, zafotokozedwa, ngakhale magwero ndi ochepa. Pomaliza, zolozera zina zachitukuko zikufotokozedwa, monga makampani amafuta amayang'ana zida zomwe zimayikidwa pa bedi la nyanja kapena pansi pa chitsime.
Sampling, Control, and Mass Balancing
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu Wills' Mineral Processing Technology (Eighth Edition), 2016
3.7.1 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kukula kwa Tinthu
Mayunitsi ambiri, mongahydrocyclonesndi olekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, kupanga digiri ya kukula kulekana ndi tinthu kukula deta angagwiritsidwe ntchito misa kugwirizanitsa (Chitsanzo 3.15).
Chitsanzo 3.15 ndi chitsanzo cha kuchepetsa kusamvana kwa node; imapereka, mwachitsanzo, mtengo woyambira wochepetsera masikweya ambiri. Njira yojambulirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse pakakhala "zowonjezera" deta; mu Chitsanzo 3.9 akanatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chitsanzo 3.15 imagwiritsa ntchito mvula yamkuntho ngati mfundo. Node yachiwiri ndi sump: ichi ndi chitsanzo cha zolowetsa ziwiri (zakudya zatsopano ndi kutulutsa mpira) ndi kutulutsa kumodzi (chakudya chamkuntho). Izi zimaperekanso misala ina (Chitsanzo 3.16).
Mu Chaputala 9 tikubwereranso ku chitsanzo cha dera logayachi pogwiritsa ntchito deta yosinthidwa kuti tidziwe chigawo cha cyclone partition.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-07-2019