I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo nui o nā semiconductors silicon carbide compound i ka ʻoihana. Eia naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka silicon carbide he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō ia o nā mea uila (diodes, nā mana mana). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā abrasives, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā mea hana, nā mea optical, nā mea lawe catalyst, a me nā mea hou aku. I kēia lā, hoʻolauna nui mākou i nā seramika silicon carbide, nona nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kūpaʻa kemika, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, kiʻekiʻe thermal conductivity, haʻahaʻa thermal expansion coefficient, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā kula e like me ka mīkini kemika, ka ikehu a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, semiconductors, metallurgy, pale aupuni a me ka ʻoihana koa.
Silika kalapona (SiC)Loaʻa i ka silikoni a me ke kalapona, a he hui hoʻohuihui ʻano ʻano like ʻole, ʻo ka nui me ʻelua mau ʻano aniani: α - SiC (ʻano kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe) a me β - SiC (ʻano kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa). ʻOi aku ma mua o 200 mau ʻano like ʻole i ka huina, ma waena o ia ka 3C SiC o β – SiC a me ka 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, a me 15R SiC o α – SiC he ʻelele.
Kiʻi SiC Multibody Structure
Ke emi ka mahana ma lalo o 1600 ℃, aia ʻo SiC ma ke ʻano o β – SiC a hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai kahi hui ʻana o ke silikoni a me ke kalapona ma kahi o 1450 ℃. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 1600 ℃, hoʻololi mālie ʻo β – SiC i nā polymorph like ʻole o α – SiC. 4H SiC hiki ke hana maʻalahi ma kahi o 2000 ℃; Pono nā polymorph 6H a me 15R i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 2100 ℃ no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana; Hiki i ka 6H SiC ke paʻa loa a hiki i nā mahana ma mua o 2200 ℃, e hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā noi ʻoihana.
ʻO ka carbide silicon maʻemaʻe he aniani ʻeleʻele a ʻālohilohi, ʻoiai ʻo ka carbide silicon ʻoihana hiki ke waihoʻoluʻu, ʻeleʻele melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, uliuli ʻōmaʻomaʻo, uliuli ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele paha, me ka emi ʻana o nā pae ʻike. Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻoihana abrasive i ka carbide silicon i ʻelua ʻano ma muli o ke kala: carbide silicon black a me ka carbide silicon green. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kalapona ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hiki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻulaʻula māmā a hiki i ka ʻeleʻele silikon carbide ua helu ʻia ʻo ia ka silikon carbide ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka carbide silika ʻeleʻele a me ka carbide silicon ʻōmaʻomaʻo he mau kristal hexagonal alpha SiC, a hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pauka micro carbide ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā seramika silicon carbide.
Hoʻomakaukau ʻia e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole o Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i nā ceramics silicon carbide ka hemahema o ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe. No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai nā mea hana gradient e pili ana i ka silicon carbide ceramics, e like me ka fiber (a i ʻole whisker), ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka dispersion heterogeneous, a me nā mea hana gradient, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o kēlā me kēia mea.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā silicon carbide ceramics i nā kiln kiʻekiʻe, nā mea kila kila, nā petrochemical, nā uila uila, aerospace, ka ikehu a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ka ikehu nuklea, nā kaʻa a me nā kula ʻē aʻe.
I ka makahiki 2022, manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke o ka silicon carbide structural ceramics ma Kina e hiki i 18.2 biliona yuan. Me ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o nā kahua noi a me nā pono ulu ulu, ua manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke o ka silicon carbide structural ceramics e hiki i 29.6 biliona yuan e 2025.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ikehu, ʻoihana, kamaʻilio a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa lole kiʻekiʻe, a me nā ʻāpana mechanical hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā mea uila i nā ʻano like ʻole, manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka silikon carbide ceramics i nā kiln seramika ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai mechanical kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, pale ahi, a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela. Ma waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kiln roller no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, sintering, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wela o ka lithium-ion pākahiko electrode mea pono, nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā electrolytes. Pono pono nā mea electrode maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole ʻo Lithium no nā kaʻa ikehu hou. ʻO nā lako kiln silicone carbide ceramic kahi mea nui o nā kiln, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana kiln a hoʻemi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana seramika Silicon carbide i nā ʻāpana automotive. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea SiC i nā PCU (nā mana mana, e like me on-board DC/DC) a me OBCs (nā ʻāpana hoʻoili) o nā kaʻa ikehu hou. Hiki i nā mea SiC ke hoʻemi i ke kaumaha a me ka nui o nā lako PCU, e hōʻemi i nā poho hoʻololi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mahana hana a me ka pono o nā ʻōnaehana; Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka pae mana o ka ʻāpana, hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke ʻano kaapuni, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui o ka mana, a hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka wā o ka OBC. I kēia manawa, nui nā hui kaʻa a puni ka honua i hoʻohana i ka carbide silicon i nā hiʻohiʻona he nui, a ua lilo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka silicon carbide i mea maʻamau.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka silicon carbide ceramics e like me nā mea lawe kī nui i ka hana ʻana o nā kiʻi photovoltaic, ʻo nā huahana i loaʻa e like me ke kākoʻo waʻa, pahu pahu, a me nā paipu paipu i loaʻa ka paʻa wela maikaʻi, ʻaʻole e deform ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole e hana i nā mea haumia ʻino. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i nā kākoʻo waʻa quartz maʻamau, nā pahu waʻa, a me nā paipu paipu, a loaʻa iā lākou nā kumukūʻai nui.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka manaʻo o ka mākeke no nā mea mana uila silicon carbide photovoltaic he ākea. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā mea SiC ma ke kū'ē, ka uku ʻīpuka, a me nā ʻano hoʻihoʻi hoʻihoʻi hou. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana iā SiC Mosfet a i ʻole SiC Mosfet i hui pū ʻia me SiC SBD photovoltaic inverters hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pono o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai 96% a ʻoi aku ma luna o 99%, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale o ka ikehu ma mua o 50%, a hoʻonui i ke ola pōʻaiapili o nā mea hana ma 50 mau manawa.
Hiki ke huli ʻia ka synthesis o ka silicon carbide ceramics i ka makahiki 1890, i ka wā i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ka silicon carbide no nā mea wili mīkini a me nā mea refractory. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana hana, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā huahana SiC kiʻekiʻe, a ke nānā nui nei nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ceramics kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole lākou e ʻoluʻolu hou i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā seramika silicon carbide kuʻuna. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā ceramics kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻāina hoʻomohala kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia ʻano. ʻO nā mea hana haole ʻo Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, etc.
Ua lōʻihi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka silicon carbide ma Kina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. Mai ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai ka umu ahi mua no ka hana ʻana iā SiC ma ka First Grinding Wheel Factory i Iune 1951, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kina e hana i ka carbide silicon. ʻO nā mea hana hale o ka silicon carbide ceramics ka mea nui ma Weifang City, Shandong Province. Wahi a ka poʻe loea, ʻo kēia no ka mea ke kū nei nā ʻoihana eli lanahu kūloko i ka panakalupa a ke ʻimi nei i ka hoʻololi. Ua hoʻolauna kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā lako kūpono mai Kelemania e hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i ka silicon carbide.ʻO ZPC kekahi o nā mea hana nui loa o ka carbide silicon sintered.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-09-2024